| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探究苦楝嫩叶与成熟叶中次生代谢物种类及含量的差异，为苦楝叶片资源的精细化开发与利 用提供理论依据。【 方法】以苦楝嫩叶和成熟叶为试验材料，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）联用技 术进行代谢物分析。通过自建数据库MVDB和公共代谢信息数据库，对嫩叶和成熟叶的差异代谢物进行主成分分析（PCA）、正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）及聚类分析。基于京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）数据库对差异代谢物代谢途径进行注释，并筛选显著差异代谢物。【 结果】在苦楝嫩叶和 成熟叶中，共检测到1 329种差异代谢物，包括萜类、黄酮、氨基酸及其衍生物、酚酸类、生物碱、脂质、木脂素与香豆素、 有机酸、核苷酸及其衍生物、鞣质、甾体、醌类等13类物质，其中萜类、黄酮和氨基酸及其衍生物3类次生代谢物占比较高，分别为30.02%，13.09%和13.09%。萜类物质是苦楝叶片中主要的次生代谢物成分，其也是重要的药理活性物 质。代谢组学分析表明，成熟叶与嫩叶中存在615种上调差异代谢物和714种下调差异代谢物。KEGG富集分析显示，在苦楝嫩叶和成熟叶中差异代谢物主要参与核苷酸代谢、多种植物次生代谢物生物合成、硫代葡萄糖苷生物合成、 色氨酸代谢及代谢途径等合成途径。【 结论】苦楝嫩叶和成熟叶中的代谢物种类差异较小，但含量差异明显，且嫩叶 中具有抗虫活性的萜类物质含量明显高于成熟叶。 |
| 关键词: 苦楝 叶片 广泛靶向代谢组学 KEGG富集分析 差异代谢物 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 08. 010 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:北京林业大学“5·5 工程”科研创新团队项目（BLRC2023C02）；国家林业和草原局委托项目（STS2024100096） |
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| Differential analysis of secondary metabolites between young and mature leaves of Melia azedarach based on widely targeted metabolomics |
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SUN Yongkang1, WANG Hanxin1, GAO Yajiao1, ZHANG Chaochao1, ZHANG Dong2, CHEN Zhong1
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1.College of Forestry，State Key Laboratory for Efficient Production of Forest Resources，Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education，National Energy R&D Center for Non-Food Biomass，Beijing Forestry University， Beijing 100083，China;2.School of Ecology and Nature Conservation，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This research aims to explore the differences in the types and contents of secondary metabolites between young leaves and mature leaves of Melia azedarach，to provide a theoretical basis for the refined development and utilization of M. azedarach leaf resources.【Method】Young and mature leaves of M.azedarach were used as experimental materials，and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） was employed for metabolite analysis. Principal component analysis（PCA），orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster analysis were performed on the differential metabolites between young and mature leaves by using the self-built database MVDB and public metabolic information databases. Based on the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（ KEGG） database，the metabolic pathways of differential metabolites were annotated，and significantly differential metabolites were screened out.【Result】A total of 1 329 differential metabolites were detected in the young and mature leaves of M.azedarach，which were classified into 13 categories，including terpenoids，flavonoids，amino acids and their derivatives，phenolic acids，alkaloids，lipids，lignans and coumarins，organic acids，nucleotides and their derivatives，tannins，steroids，and quinones. Among them，three categories of secondary metabolites-terpenoids，flavo-noids，and amino acids and their derivatives accounted for relatively high proportions，representing 30.02%，13.09%，and 13.09%，respectively. Terpenoids were the main secondary metabolites in M.azedarach leaves and also served as important pharmacologically active substances. Metabolomics analysis showed that there were 615 up-regulated differential metabolites and 714 down-regulated differential metabolites between mature leaves and young leaves. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differential metabolites in young and mature leaves of M.azedarach were mainly involved in synthetic pathways such as nucleotide metabolism，biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites，glucosinolate biosynthesis，tryptophan metabolism，and metabolic pathways.【Conclusion】Only little difference is observed in the types of metabolites in young and mature leaves of M.azedarach，but their contents vary significantly.Moreover，the content of terpenoids with insect-resistant activity in young leaves is significantly higher than that in mature leaves. |
| Key words: Melia azedarach leaves broadly targeted metabolomics KEGG enrichment analysis differen‑ tial metabolites |
