| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探究板栗枝叶解剖结构与矮化性的关系，筛选判断板栗矮化的指标，为板栗矮化种质的筛选 与利用提供理论依据。【 方法】以种植于河北省迁西县的2种类型6个板栗种质（乔化型的‘贵州野毛栗’、‘垂枝栗’、 ‘灰拣’和矮化型的‘紫珀’、‘短枝芽变’、‘燕山短枝’）为试验材料，于2024年8月下旬采集各板栗种质结果枝及叶片， 采用石蜡切片法观察2种类型板栗枝叶不同组织的解剖结构，分析其与矮化性的相关性，并利用主成分分析进行综合 评价。【 结果】2种类型板栗的枝条长度、节间长度及枝叶解剖结构存在显著差异（P<0.05）。矮化型的叶片厚度、栅 栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比和导管密度显著大于乔化型（P<0.05），而叶片海绵组织结构疏松度、气孔密度与 枝条半径、韧皮部厚度、木质部厚度、木质部厚度/枝条半径、木质部厚度/韧皮部厚度、近皮部导管面积、中部导管面 积、近髓部导管面积、平均导管面积显著小于乔化型（P<0.05）。相关性分析和主成分分析表明，乔化型与矮化型差 异显著的枝叶解剖结构指标与枝条长度、节间长度极显著相关（P<0.01）。通过主成分分析降维处理后，2个主成分 的累计方差贡献率达到83.74%，充分反映了枝叶解剖结构与矮化性之间的关联关系，2个主成分载荷数值绝对值分 别大于0.25和0.30的指标可作为矮化预选指标。【 结论】叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、栅海比、气孔密度、木质部厚度、 木质部厚度/枝条半径、中部导管面积、近髓部导管面积、平均导管面积、导管密度可作为基于枝叶解剖结构特征判断 板栗矮化性的重要指标。 |
| 关键词: 板栗 矮化性状 叶片与枝条 解剖结构 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 07. 006 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD2200400） ；林业和草原科技成果国家级推广项目（2020133118） |
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| Analysis of the anatomical characteristics of chestnut branches and leaves and their correlation with dwarfism |
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DENG Chaoli, GUO Sujuan
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State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources/Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education，College of Forestry，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】The study aims to investigate the relationship between dwarfism and the anatomical structure of chestnut branches and leaves in order to identify the indicators for chestnut dwarfism，thereby providing a theoretical basis for the selection and utilization of chestnut dwarfism germplasm.【Method】Six chestnut germplasms of two types（arborization type：‘Guizhouyemaoli’，‘Chuizhili’，‘Huijian’；dwarfism type：‘Zipo’， ‘Duanzhiyabian’，‘Yanshanduanzhi’） planted in Qianxi County，Hebei Province were used as experimental ma? terials. In late August 2024，the fruiting branches and leaves of each chestnut germplasm were collected. Paraffin sectioning was employed to observe anatomical structures of different tissues in branches and leaves of both types to analyze the correlation between these structures and dwarfism. Principal component analysis was used for comprehensive evaluation.【Result】Significant differences（P<0.05） were observed in branch length，inter?node length，and anatomical structure of branches and leaves between the two types of chestnuts. The thickness of leaves，thickness of palisade tissue，thickness of sponge tissue，ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue，and
vessel density of dwarfism type were significantly higher than those of the arborization type（P<0.05）. Conversely，the leaves compactness and porosity，stomatal density and branch radius，phloem thickness，xylem thick?ness，xylem thickness/branch radius，xylem thickness/phloem thickness，vessel area near phloem，middle vessel area，vessel area near pith，and average vessel area were significantly lower in the dwarfism type（P<0.05）.Correlation analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the anatomical indicators of branches and leaves，which showed significant differences between the arborization type and the dwarfism types，were extremly significantly correlated with branch length and internode length （P<0. 01）. After dimensionality reduction through principal component analysis，the cumulative variance contribution rate of the two principal components reached 83.74%，which fully demonstrated the correlation between branch and leaf anatomical structure and dwarfism. Indicators with absolute loading values of the two principal components greater than 0. 25 and 0. 30，respectively，were identified as pre-selection indicators for dwarfism.【Conclusion】Thickness of leaves，thickness of palisade tissue，ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue，stomatal density，xylem thickness，xylem thickness/branch radius，middle vessel area，vessel area near pith，average vessel area and vessel density can serve as impor?tant indicators for assessing chestnut dwarfism based on the anatomical characteristics of its branches and leaves. |
| Key words: Castanea mollissima Blume dwarfing trait leaves and branches anatomical structure |
