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| 拉萨青稞生长季天敌昆虫多样性研究 |
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孙兆旭1,2, 郭鑫楠1,3, 张欢欢4, 董晓1,3, 唐晓琴1,3, 王文峰5, 崔洁6
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1.西藏农牧学院 植物科学学院，西藏 林芝 860000;2.西藏高原资源昆虫与应用昆虫实验室，西藏 林芝 860000;3.2 西藏高原资源昆虫与应用昆虫实验室，西藏 林芝 860000;4.西藏自治区农牧科学院 蔬菜研究所，西藏 拉萨 850000;5.西藏自治区农牧科学院 科研管理处，西藏 拉萨 850000;6.西藏自治区农牧科学院 农业研究所，西藏 拉萨 850000
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| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探明西藏拉萨地区青稞主要生长季天敌昆虫的种群组成，了解其优势种群和不同区县之间的多样性差异，为该地区青稞田害虫防治及生态保护提供参考。【 方法】2024年6?8月，通过网捕法对拉萨市墨竹工卡县、达孜县、曲水县、林周县和堆龙德庆区青稞田开展天敌昆虫资源调查，分析各区县的天敌昆虫数量构成、ShannonWiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数和 Jaccard 相似性系数。【 结果】通过采集与鉴定，共获得天敌昆虫 1 908 头，隶属于6目12科32属40种，其中优势种5种，常见种16种，稀有种19种；5个优势种分别为横斑瓢虫（Coccinella transversoguttata）、蒙新原花蝽（Anthocoris pilosus）、巧圆突食虫虻（Machimus concinnus）、花胫蚜蝇姬蜂（Diplazon laetatorius）和泛希姬蝽（Himacerus apterus），其优势度分别为 38.863%，6.604%，5.765%，5.241%，5.136%。Shannon-Weiner多样性指数以墨竹工卡县、林周县、达孜县较高，其次为曲水县与堆龙德庆区；Simpson优势度指数以墨竹工卡县最高，其次为林周县与达孜县，堆龙德庆区最低；Pielou均匀度指数以墨竹工卡县较高，其次为达孜县与林周县，曲水县与堆龙德庆区较低；Margalef丰富度指数以墨竹工卡县最高，其次为曲水县、林周县、堆龙德庆区，达孜县最低。各采集点间无极相似点，也无极不相似点，墨竹工卡县青稞主要生长季天敌昆虫群落与曲水县相似程度最高，Jaccard 相似系数为0.686；曲水县青稞主要生长季天敌昆虫群落与林周县的相似程度最低，Jaccard相似系数为0.474，属中等不相似；其余各采集点间均呈现中等相似。不同月份之间多样性的差异性体现在Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数6月份高于7，8月份，而Margalef丰富度指数最高值出现在7月份。【 结论】拉萨地区青稞主要生长季，不同区县之间天敌昆虫群落组成存在差异，天敌昆虫群落多样性差异还受青稞生长周期变化的影响。 |
| 关键词: 拉萨 青稞 自然天敌昆虫 昆虫多样性 |
| DOI：10. 13207/j. jnwafu. 2026. 05. 015 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:西藏自治区重点科技计划项目（XZ202501JD0004）；西藏农牧学院研创项目（YJS2024-05）；西藏自治区科技计划项目（XZ202301YD0042C）；2025 年中央财政支持地方高校发展改革专项资金项目（YJSXK2025-05，YJSXK2025-15） |
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| Study on the diversity of natural enemy insects during the main growing season of barley in Lhasa |
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SUN Zhaoxu,GUO Xinnan,ZHANG Huanhuan,DONG Xiao,TANG Xiaoqin,WANG Wenfeng,CUI Jie
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1.Plant Sciences College，Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University，Linzhi，Xizang 860000，China;2.Lab of Resource and Applied Insects in the Xizang Plateau，Linzhi，Xizang 860000，China;3.Institute of Vegetable Research，Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences，Lhasa，Xizang 850000，China;4.Research Management Office，Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences，Lhasa， Xizang 850000，China;5.Institute of Agricultural Research，Xizang Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences，Lhasa，Xizang 850000，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This research aims to identify the community structure of the main natural enemies of barley in the Lhasa area of Xizang，understand the dominant species and the diversity differences among different counties，and provide a reference for pest control and ecological protection in barley fields in this region.【Method】From June to August in 2024，the net trapping method was used to conduct a survey of natural enemy insect resources in the barley fields of Mozhugongka County，Dazi County，Qushui County，Linzhou County and Duilongdeqing District of Lhasa City. The composition of natural enemy insect populations，Shannon-Wiener diversity index，Simpson’s dominance index，Pielou evenness index，Margalef richness index and Jaccard similarity coefficient of each district were analyzed.【Result】Through collection and identification，a total of 1 908 natural enemy insects were obtained，belonging to 6 orders，12 families，32 genera and 40 species. Among them，5 were identified as dominant species，16 as common species，and 19 as rare species. 5 dominant species were Coccinella transversoguttata，Anthocoris pilosus，Machimus concinnus，Diplazon laetatorius and Himacerus ap
terus，with dominance degrees of 38.863%，6.604%，5.765%，5.241% and 5.136% respectively. The Shan-non-Weiner diversity index was relatively high in Mozhugongka County，Linzhou County，and Dazi County，followed by Qushui County and Duilongdeqing District. The highest Simpson’s dominance index was observed in Mozhugongka County，followed by Linzhou County and Dazi County，and the lowest in Duilongdeqing District.The Pielou uniformity index was relatively high in Mozhugongka County，followed by Dazi County and Linzhou County，and relatively low in Qushui County and Duilongdeqing District. The highest Margalef richness index was observed in Mozhugongka County，followed by Qushui County，Linzhou County，and Duilongdeqing District，and the lowest in Daxizhou County. There were no extremely similar or extremely dissimilar points observed among all the collection sites. The natural enemy communities of barley during the main growing season
in Mozhugongka County showed the highest similarity to that in Qushui County，with a Jaccard similarity coefficient of 0. 686. The natural enemy communities of barley during the main growing season in Qushui County showed the lowest similarity to that in Linzhou County，with a Jaccard similarity coefficient of 0. 474，which was classified as moderate dissimilarity. All the other collection sites showed moderate similarity. The differences in diversity among different months were reflected in the Shannon-Weiner diversity index，Simpson’s dominance index，and Pielou uniformity index. The values of these indices were higher in June than in July and August，while the highest value of the Margalef richness index occurred in July.【Conclusion】During the main growing season of barley in the Lhasa region，major differences in the composition of natural enemy insect communities were observed among different counties. Moreover，the diversity of the natural enemy insect communities was
also affected by the changes in the growth cycle of barley. |
| Key words: Lhasa barley natural enemies’ insects diversity of insects |
