| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】研究覆盖栽培对旱作马铃薯土壤水热及光合特性的影响，以期为旱区马铃薯的高效栽培提供参考。【 方法】以‘陇薯7号’为试验材料，以甘肃省通渭县旱作循环农业试验基地为研究区，2022?2023年分别在该区设置露地平作（CK）、秸秆带状覆盖（SM）和地膜覆盖（PM）3个处理，测定不同处理马铃薯的土壤水热、光合特性和产量等指标。【 结果】与CK相比，SM和PM处理显著提高了马铃薯全生育期0~200 cm土层土壤贮水量，且SM处理在马铃薯块茎增长期至成熟期的增墒效应优于PM处理。与CK相比，SM 处理马铃薯全生育期0~25 cm土层土壤平均温度显著降低了1.6~2.0 ℃，而PM处理马铃薯全生育期0~25 cm土层土壤平均温度却显著升高0.9~2.0 ℃。覆盖对马铃薯净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间 CO2浓度（Ci）及气孔导度（Gs）均有显著影响。与CK相比，在马铃薯块茎形成期至块茎增长期，SM处理Pn、Tr、Gs分别显著提高16.3%~51.9%，13.8%~28.6%，31.0~66.4%，PM处理Pn、Tr、Gs分别显著提高22.0%~38.2%，9.1%~33.9%，36.8%~55.8%，而SM和PM处 理Ci分别显著降低6.0%~11.2%和2.7%~8.5%；但在淀粉积累期，PM 处理 Tr显著降低了7.4%~13.7%。与CK相比，在马铃薯块茎形成期至块茎增长期，SM处理的叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）显著提高了 10.9%~20.6%；但在淀粉积累期 PM 处理的叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）显著降低了6.2%~8.0%。与CK相比，2022年SM和PM处理鲜薯产量分别显著增加了14.5%和23.6%，干薯产量分别显著增加了22.5%和21.5%，商品薯率分别显著提高了9.5和6.0 百分点；2023年SM和PM处理鲜薯产量分别显著增加了28.6%和22.9%，干薯产量分别显著增加了46.3%和29.3%，商品薯率分别显著提高了8.6和6.2个百分点。相关性分析结果表明，马铃薯干薯产量与单薯质量、土壤贮水量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶片水分利用效率均呈极显著正相关，与胞间CO2浓度呈极显著负相关，与叶绿素相对含量呈显著正相关；土壤贮水量与净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、单薯质量呈极显著正相关，与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关，与叶片水分利用效率呈显著正相关。【 结论】秸秆带状覆盖提高了旱作马铃薯全生育期土壤贮水量，降低了土壤温度，显著提高了马铃薯的光合能力，可实现马铃薯高产，是适宜西北旱作区马铃薯生产的绿色高效栽培技术。 |
| 关键词: 马铃薯 旱作栽培 地膜覆盖 秸秆带状覆盖 光合特性 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.04.008 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目（2022CYZC-48）；国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900700，2022YFD2001304）；甘肃省科技计划项目（22CX8NA046）；国家自然科学基金项目（31960239） |
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| Effects of straw strip mulching on photosynthetic characteristics of dryland potatoes |
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ZHAO Yangqing1, ZHANG Yao1, MA Jiantao1, ZHANG Jiantong1, CHANG Lei1, CHENG Hongbo2, CHAI Yuwei2, CHAI Shouxi1
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1.Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science，College of Agronomy，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou，Gansu 730070，China;2.College of Life Science and Technology，Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou， Gansu 730070，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of mulching cultivation on soil hydrothermal conditions and photosynthetic characteristics of dryland potatoes，providing references for the efficient cultivation of potatoes in this region.【Method】Using‘ Longshu 7’ as the test material and taking the Tongwei Modern Dryland Circular Farming Experiment Station，Gansu Province as the study area，three treatments were set up from 2022 to 2023：open-field flat planting（ CK），straw strip mulching（ SM），and plastic film mulching （PM）. Soil hydrothermal conditions，photosynthetic characteristics，yield and other indicators of potatoes under different treatments were measured.【Result】Compared with CK，both SM and PM treatments significantly increased the soil water storage in the 0?200 cm soil layer during the entire growth period of potatoes. Notably，SM treatment exhibited a superior soil moisture retention effect compared to PM treatment from the tuber expansion stage to maturity stage. SM treatment significantly reduced the average soil temperature in the 0?25 cm soil layer by 1.6?2.0 ℃ throughout the entire growth period compared with CK，whereas PM treatment significantly increased the average soil temperature by 0.9?2.0 ℃. Mulching had significant effects on the net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr），intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci），and stomatal conductance（Gs）of potatoes. Compared with CK，during the period from tuber initiation to tuber expansion stage，SM treatment significantly increased Pn，Tr，and Gs by 16.3%?51.9%，13.8%?28.6%，and 31.0%?66.4%，respectively，and decreased Ci by 6.0%?11.2%. PM treatment significantly increased Pn，Tr，and Gs by 22.0%?38.2%，9.1%?33.9% and 36.8%?55.8%，respectively，and decreased Ci by 2.7%?8.5%. However，the Tr in the PM treatment significantly decreased by 7.4%?13.7% during starch accumulation stage. Compared with CK，during the period from tuber initiation to tuber expansion stage，SM treatment significantly increased the relative chlorophyll content （SPAD） by 10.9%?20.6% in potatoes，while PM treatment significantly decreased SPAD by 6.2%?8.0% during the starch accumulation stage. Compared with CK in 2022，the fresh tuber yields of SM and PM treatments increased by 14.5% and 23.6%，respectively. The dry tuber yields increased by 22.5% and 21.5%，respectively，and the commercial potato rates increased by 9.5 and 6.0 percentage points，respectively. In 2023，the fresh tuber yields of SM and PM treatments increased significantly by 28.6% and 22.9%，respectively. The dry tuber yields increased significantly by 46.3% and 29.3%，respectively，and the commercial potato rates increased significantly by 8.6 and 6.2 percentage points，respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the dry tuber yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with single tuber weight，soil water storage，net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr），stomatal conductance（Gs），and
leaf water use efficiency，and extremely significantly negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration. It was significantly positively correlated with relative chlorophyll content. Soil water storage was extremely significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr），stomatal conductance （Gs），and single tuber weight. It was significantly negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration，and significantly positively correlated with leaf water use efficiency.【Conclusion】Straw strip mulching increases soil water storage throughout the entire growth period of dryland potatoes，reduces soil temperature，and significantly enhances photosynthetic capacity of potatoes，enabling high potato yield. It is a green and efficient cultivation technology suitable for potato production in the dryland areas of Northwestern China. |
| Key words: potato dryland cultivation plastic film mulching straw strip mulching photosynthetic charac‐ teristics |
