| 摘要: |
| 【 目的】探讨10种山药褐变、表型性状与氧化酶活性的差异，为选育和培育无褐变或低褐变山药品种提供依据。【 方法】以紫山药、灵芝山药、白玉山药、金秤砣山药、佛手山药、小白嘴山药、铁棍山药、瑞昌山药、麻山药和细毛山药10种褐变程度不同的山药为材料，检测山药的褐变指数、表型性状与氧化酶活性等性状。【 结果】不同品种山药块茎褐变指数的变异系数为40.00%，表型性状和氧化酶活性的变异系数在10.03%~148.65%，绝大多数指标的变异系数在40.00%以上，具有较高选择潜力。相关性分析发现，山药块茎褐变指数与表皮厚、中部周长、端部周长、MDA含量、POD活性、PPO活性、APX活性间呈显著正相关，与中部须根数、端部须根数、表皮白度、内皮层白度、切片纤维数间呈显著负相关。主成分分析从21个性状中提取出5个主成分，其累计方差贡献率为90.627%；10种山药的综合得分为-4.135~1.786，综合得分由高到低依次为：瑞昌山药、铁棍山药、佛手山药、麻山药、小白嘴山药、细毛山药、白玉山药、灵芝山药、金秤砣山药、紫山药。聚类分析将10种山药划分为3大类群。所得结果与实际观测结果基本一致，可将其运用于山药低褐变品种的选育。【 结论】在山药育种中，选择块茎细长、须根多、表皮薄、肉质细腻、色泽润白、POD和PPO活性低、APX活性高的种质资源，以培育出低褐变或无褐变的山药品种。 |
| 关键词: 山药 褐变 表型性状 氧化酶活性 品种改良 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.04.007 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:重庆市科技兴林项目（2021-6） |
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| Differences in browning，phenotypic characteristics and oxidase activities among different yam varieties |
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WEN Sijia, GU Xirong, XU Shirui, DENG Yangxiao, CHEN Dongmei, ZHENG Kaipeng, TANG Xikai, AO Yujie, YANG Shouyi
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College of Resources and Environment，Southwest University，Chongqing 400715，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【 Objective】This study aimed to elucidate the variations in browning，phenotypic characteristics，and oxidase activities across ten distinct yam（Dioscorea opposita spp.）varieties，providing a scientific foundation for the development and selection of non-browning or low-browning yam cultivars.【Method】Ten yam cultivars with differential browning levels，including Purple Yam，Lingzhi Yam，Baiyu Yam，Golden Baluster Yam，Buddha Hand Yam，Xiaobaizui Yam，Iron Stick Yam，Ruichang Yam，Ma Yam，and Fine Hair Yam，were analyzed for browning index，phenotypic characteristics，and oxidase activities.【Result】The coefficient of variation for the browning index of yam tubers across different varieties was 40.00%，while the coefficient of variation for phenotypic characteristics and oxidase activities ranged from 10.03% to 148.65%，with the majority of indices exhibiting coefficients of variation exceeding 40.00%. This indicated high selection potential. Correlation analysis revealed that the browning index of yam tubers was significantly positively correlated with epidermal thickness，mid-tuber circumference，distal circumference，MDA content，POD activity，PPO activity，and APX activity.
Conversely，it was significantly negatively correlated with the number of mid-tuber fibrous roots，the number of distal fibrous roots，epidermal whiteness，endothelial whiteness，and the number of sliced fibers. Principal component analysis extracted five principal components from 21 traits，accounting for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 90.627%. The comprehensive scores of the ten yam varieties ranged from -4.135 to 1.786，ranked in descending order as follows：Ruichang Yam，Iron Stick Yam，Buddha Hand Yam，Ma Yam，Xiaobaizui Yam，Fine Hair Yam，Baiyu Yam，Lingzhi Yam，Golden Baluster Yam，and Purple Yam. Cluster analysis categorized the ten yam varieties into three major groups. These results aligned with empirical observations，demonstrating applicability for breeding low-browning yam varieties.【Conclusion】For breeding low-browning or nonbrowning yam cultivars，germplasm selection should prioritize tubers with elongated shape，numerous roots，thin skin，fine-textured flesh，white color，low POD and PPO activities，and high APX activity. |
| Key words: yam browning phenotypic characteristics oxidase activity varietal improvement |
