| 摘要: |
| 【目的】比较3个品种苹果树的光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数对2种灌溉模式的响应机制，为筛选出适宜阿克苏3个品种苹果树矮化栽培的灌溉模式提供理论依据。【方法】以烟富6号、王林和维纳斯黄金3个品种5年生苹果树作为研究对象，设1行1管（W1）和1行2管（W2）2种灌溉模式，分别于5月20日（幼果期）和7月20日（果实膨大期）10:00-20:00，测定不同灌溉模式下3个品种苹果树的光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数。【结果】2种灌溉模式下3个品种苹果树幼果期和果实膨大期叶片Pn、Tr和Gs的日变化趋势基本一致，总体呈“M”形，第1峰值和第2峰值分别出现在12:00和16:00，且第1峰值高于第2峰值；叶片Fo、Fv′/Fm′和ETR的日变化呈先升后降趋势；叶片Ci、Fm、Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm的日变化呈先降后升趋势。在W2灌溉模式下，烟富6号和维纳斯黄金生育期叶片Pn、Tr、Gs、Fo、Fv′/Fm′和ETR最大，烟富6号幼果期叶片Pn、Tr、Fo、Fv′/Fm′和ETR较W1灌溉模式分别提高了24.3%，0.5%，9.8%，3.8%和4.1%，果实膨大期较W1灌溉模式分别提高了33.3%，19.2%，8.8%，8.9%和4.1%；维纳斯黄金幼果期叶片Pn、Tr、Gs、Fo、Fv′/Fm′和ETR较W1灌溉模式分别提高了41.5%，11.2%，34.2%，1.7%，9.8%和31.5%，果实膨大期较W1灌溉模式分别提高了6.2%，20.4%，31.9%，8.2%，11.2%和38.6%。W2灌溉模式同时也有利于烟富6号和王林果实膨大期叶片Fv/Fo值的增大，较W1灌溉模式分别提高了2.1%和24.6%。【结论】 烟富6号和维纳斯黄金在1行2管（W2）灌溉模式下的光合能力及对光环境的适应能力较强，而王林苹果则在1行1管（W1）灌溉模式下的光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数更优。 |
| 关键词: 灌溉模式 苹果树种 光合特性 叶绿素荧光参数 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.jnwafu.2026.03.002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项“特色林果优质高效轻简化栽培关键技术”（2023A02002-3）；新疆林果产业技术体系项目（XJLGCYJSTX04-2024） |
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| Effects of irrigation mode on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of apple trees |
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LIU Pengfei1, LI Wensheng1, XIE Fawang2, ZHAO Shasha1, LIN Yaru1, ZHANG Zhenjun3
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1.College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;2.Forestry Investigation,Planning and Design Research Institute of Xinjiang Agricultural University (Ltd.),Urumqi,Xinjiang 830063,China;3.Forestry Technology Extension Service Center of Aksu Region,Aksu,Xinjiang 842008,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The response mechanism of photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of three apple tree cultivars to the two irrigation modes was compared to provide a theoretical basis for selecting the suitable irrigation mode for dwarfing cultivation of the three cultivars in Aksu.【Method】Five-year-old apple trees of Yanfu No.6,Wanglin and Venus Gold were selected as research subjects.Two irrigation modes,one row one tube (W1) and one row two tubes (W2),were set up.The combined characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of 3 varieties of apple trees under different irrigation modes were determined from 10:00 am to 20:00 am on May 20(immature fruit stage) and July 20 (fruit expansion stage).【Result】Under the two irrigation modes,the daily variation trends of Pn,Tr and Gs in the leaves of the three cultivars in the immature fruit stage and fruit expansion stage were basically the same, showing an overall pattern of “M” shape.The first and second peaks appeared at 12:00 and 16:00,respectively,and the first peak was higher than the second one.The diurnal variations of Fo,Fv′/Fm′ and ETR values of the leaves increased first and then decreased,while the diurnal variations of Ci,Fm,Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm values decreased first and then increased.Under the W2 irrigation mode,the Pn,Tr,Gs,Fo,Fv′/Fm′ and ETR values of Yanfu No.6 and Venus Gold in both two growth stages were the largest.The leaf Pn,Tr,Fo, Fv′/Fm′ and ETR values of Yanfu No.6 in immature fruit stage were increased by 24.3%,0.5%,9.8%,3.8% and 4.1%,respectively,compared with those under W1 irrigation mode.In the expanding stage,they were increased by 33.3%,19.2%,8.8%,8.9% and 4.1%,respectively,compared with those under W1 irrigation mode.The leaf Pn,Tr,Gs,Fo,Fv′/Fm′ and ETR values of Venus Golden in immature fruit stage were increased by 41.5%,11.2%,34.2%,1.7%,9.8% and 31.5%,respectively,compared with those under W1 irrigation mode.And in the fruit expansion stage,they were increased by 6.2%,20.4%,31.9%,8.2%,11.2% and 38.6%,respectively,compared to those under W1 irrigation mode.The Fv/Fo values of Yanfu No.6 and Wanglin fruits in the expanding stage were increased by 2.1% and 24.6% compared with those under W1 irrigation mode,respectively.【Conclusion】Yanfu No.6 and Venus Gold showed stronger photosynthetic capacity and better adaptability to light environment under one row two tubes (W2) irrigation mode,while Wanglin apple showed better photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter under one row one tube (W1) irrigation mode. |
| Key words: irrigation mode apple species photosynthetic characteristics chlorophyll fluorescence parameter |
