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| 空心李实生后代株系果实品质的综合评价 |
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欧明伟1,2, 吴运星1,2, 宋倩军1,2, 陈红1,2
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1.贵州省果树工程技术研究中心，贵州 贵阳 550025;2.贵州大学 农学院，贵州 贵阳 550025
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对58份空心李种质资源果实的外观指标和品质指标进行综合评价，探究空心李果实品质特性，为筛选优良空心李资源提供依据。【方法】以贵州省沿河县58份空心李实生后代株系（编号为Yk-1~Yk-58）果实为试样，描述果实形状、果顶形状、果实缝合线、果粉厚度、果皮着色程度等5项外观指标，测定单果质量、纵径、横径、果形指数、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性糖含量、固酸比、糖酸比、维生素C含量、单核质量、可食率等13项品质指标，通过统计分析和聚类分析方法，分析空心李果实外观指标的分布比例差异，再联合使用相关性分析、主成分分析和系统聚类分析方法，确定评价空心李果实的品质指标，并建立空心李品质综合评价模型，从中筛选优良种质资源。【结果】按照描述型性状将58份空心李聚为2类,果实形状和果顶形状构成第1类，果皮着色程度、果实缝合线、果粉厚度构成第2类，其中果皮着色程度变异类型最多。果实硬度的变异系数最大，为27.39%。单果质量、纵径、横径之间呈极显著正相关，可食率与单果质量、纵径、横径呈极显著正相关，可溶性糖含量与可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比呈极显著正相关，维生素C含量与可滴定酸含量呈显著正相关，硬度与其余品质指标相关性均不显著。第1~4主成分反映果实的质量与大小、风味与糖度、酸度与食用性、硬度，综合评价排名前10的空心李单株为Yk-1、Yk-35、Yk-4、Yk-31、Yk-26、Yk-3、Yk-57、Yk-37、Yk-39、Yk-41。基于4个主成分的Q型聚类分析所聚类型相对较少，能够准确、有效区分单株果实品质的优劣及特性。【结论】Yk-1、Yk-35、Yk-4、Yk-37、Yk-26为空心李优异单株。综合而言，单果质量、固酸比、硬度、可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量为评价空心李果实品质的核心指标。 |
| 关键词: 空心李 果实外观 果实品质 主成分分析 种质资源 |
| DOI：DOI:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.06.011 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1100304） |
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| Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality of ‘Kongxin’ plum （Prunus salicina L.）progeny lines |
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OU Mingwei1,2, WU Yunxing1,2, SONG Qianjun1,2, CHEN Hong1,2
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1.Guizhou Fruit Tree Engineering Technology Research Center,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;2.College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】A comprehensive evaluation model was established to explore the quality characteristics of ‘Kongxin’ plum fruit and provide a basis for screening excellent ‘Kongxin’ plum resources.【Method】58 strains of ‘Kongxin’ plum seedlings from Yanhe County,Guizhou Province,and numbered Yk-1-Yk-58,were used as samples to describe various appearance indicators,including the fruit shape,fruit top shape,fruit suture line,fruit powder thickness,and peel coloring degree.The following 13 quality indicators were measured:the single fruit weight,lengthwise diameter,broadwise diameter,fruit shape index,hardness,total soluble solids content,titratable acid content,total soluble sugar content,acid-solid ratio,sugar-acid ratio,Vc content,single stone weight,and edible rate.Through statistical analysis and cluster analysis,the differences in the distribution ratio of ‘Kongxin’ plum fruit appearance indicators were examined.By integrating correlation analysis,principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, the quality indicators of ‘Kongxin’ plum fruit were identified,and a comprehensive evaluation model for assessing the quality of ‘Kongxin’ plums was established to screen excellent germplasm resources.【Result】According to the descriptive traits,58 ‘Kongxin’ plums were clustered into two categories by hierarchical cluster analysis.Among them,fruit shape and fruit top shape constituted the first category,peel coloring degree,fruit suture line and fruit powder thickness constituted the second category,and peel coloring degree exhibited the greatest variety of types.The maximum variation coefficient of hardness was 27.39%.There was a significant positive correlation among single fruit weight,lengthwise diameter and broadwise diameter.The edible rate was also significantly positively correlated with single fruit weight,lengthwise diameter and broadwise diameter.The soluble sugar content was significantly positively correlated with total soluble solid content and acid-sugar ratio.There was a significant positive correlation between vitamin C content and titratable acid content.However,the correlation between hardness and other quality indicators was not significant.The first to fourth principal components reflected fruit quality and size,flavor and sugar content,acidity,edibleness,and hardness.The top 10 ‘Kongxin’ plum plants in the comprehensive evaluation were Yk-1,Yk-35,Yk-4,Yk-31,Yk-26,Yk-3,Yk-57,Yk-37,Yk-39,and Yk-41.The Q-type cluster analysis based on the four principal components had relatively few types,which can accurately and effectively distinguish the advantages and disadvantages,as well as the specific characteristics in the fruit quality of each individual plant.【Conclusion】Yk-1,Yk-35,Yk-4,Yk-37 and Yk-26 were excellent individual plants of ‘Kongxin’ plum.In summary,single fruit weight,sugar-acid ratio,hardness,total soluble sugar content,and vitamin C content were the key indexes for evaluating the quality of ‘Kongxin’ plum fruit. |
| Key words: ‘Kongxin’ plum fruit appearance fruit quality principal component analysis germplasm resources |
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