| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究稻草对草鱼生长、血清生化指标、肌肉营养成分、肠道结构和菌群的影响，为稻渔轮作提供理论依据。【方法】选取规格整齐、健康的草鱼 270尾［平均初始体质量为（55.36±0.52） g/尾］，随机平均分为对照组（CF）、干稻草组（DS）和新鲜稻草组（FS），每组3个重复，每重复30尾鱼。CF组草鱼只投喂配合饲料，DS组草鱼投喂处理后的干稻草，FS组草鱼投喂新鲜稻草，进行为期60 d的养殖试验。养殖试验结束后，测定生长指标（成活率、增重率、摄食率、特定生长率、脏体比、肝体比、肠重比、肠长比、肥满度）、血清生化指标（总蛋白、白蛋白、 球蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量）、肌肉营养成分（蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、水分含量）、肠道结构（肌层厚度、绒毛高度和绒毛宽度）和菌群多样性。【结果】与CF组相比，除成活率3组差异不显著外，DS和FS组的其余生长指标均显著降低（P＜0.05）。各组草鱼血清总蛋白和白蛋白差异显著（P＜0.05），以CF组最高；CF组的球蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于DS组和FS组（P＜0.05），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于DS组。各组草鱼肌肉灰分含量差异不显著；CF组草鱼肌肉脂肪含量显著高于DS组和FS组（P＜0.05），蛋白质含量显著高于FS组，水分含量显著低于FS组（P＜0.05）。与DS组相比，CF和FS组草鱼肠道结构较为完整；DS组草鱼的肌层厚度、绒毛高度和绒毛宽度最低。CF、DS和FS组草鱼肠道优势菌门一致，均以厚壁菌门的相对丰度最大，分别为73.31%，58.62%和32.89%，而优势菌属各不相同。FS组草鱼肠道菌群OTU数量最多。【结论】草鱼摄食稻草对生长、免疫和肠道造成一定的损伤，在稻渔轮作中建议补充一些配合饲料，以弥补单一摄食稻草而造成的营养不足。 |
| 关键词: 草鱼 稻草 稻渔轮作 血清生化指标 肠道结构 肠道菌群 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.02.002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:广东省农业科研项目和农业技术推广项目“稻渔综合种养模式示范”（502022023）；畜禽种业全国重点实验室开放课题“稻渔鸭立体生态农业技术研究”(2023GZ21) |
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| Effects of straw on the growth,serum biochemical parameters,intestinal structure,and microbiota of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
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LUO Wangyan1,2, ZHANG Kai2, LI Kun1,2, YANG Shunhui2, WANG Guangjun2
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1.College of Fisheries and Life Sciences，Shanghai Ocean University，Shanghai 210306，China;2.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunization and Green Breeding,Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou，Guangdong 510380，China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aimed to investigate the impact of straw on the growth,serum biochemical indicators,muscle nutritional composition,intestinal structure,and microbiota of grass carp,and provide a theoretical basis for rice-fish rotation.【Method】Healthy grass carp of similar size was selected as experimental material,with a total of 270 individuals ［average initial body weight of (55.36±0.52) g/individual］.They were randomly but equally divided into three groups:control group (CF),dry straw group (DS),and fresh straw group (FS),with 3 replicates in each group and 30 individuals in each replicate.The CF group was fed with formulated feed,the DS group was fed with processed dry straw,and the FS group was fed with fresh straw.A 60-day aquaculture trial was conducted.After the trial,growth indicators,serum biochemical indicators,muscle nutrition composition,intestinal structure and intestinal microbiota were determined.Growth indicators included survival rate,weight gain rate,feed intake rate,specific growth rate,visceral index,liver index,intestine weight index,intestine length index,and plumpness.Serum biochemical indicators included total protein,albumin,globulin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content.Muscle nutrition composition measuements included protein,fat,ash,and water content,and intestinal structure measurements included muscular layer thickness,villus height,villus width,and becterial community diversity.【Result】Compared with the CF group,except the insignificant difference in survival rate for the three groups,the remaining growth indicators of the DS and FS groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The differences in total protein and albumin between different groups of grass carp are significant (P＜0.05),with the CF group having the highest level.The CF group had significantly higher levels of globulin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to the DS and FS groups (P＜0.05),and the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of the CF group were significantly higher than the DS group.There was no significant difference in ash content of grass carp muscles among the groups,the CF group of grass carp had significantly higher fat content than the DS and FS groups (P＜0.05).Protein content of the CF group was significantly higher than the FS group,and moisture content was significantly lower than the FS group (P＜0.05).Compared with the DS group,the CF and FS groups of grass carp had more intact intestinal structures.The DS group of grass carp had the lowest muscle layer thickness,villus height,and villus width.The dominant intestinal phylum of grass carp in the CF,DS,and FS groups was consistent,with the highest relative abundance belonging to the Firmicutes phylum,at 73.31%,58.62%,and 32.89%,respectively,while the dominant genera were different.The FS group had the largest number of OTUs in the intestinal flora of the grass carp.【Conclusion】Grass carp fed on rice straw can cause certain damages to their growth,immunity,and intestines.It is suggested to supplement some compound feed in rice-fish rotation to compensate for the nutritional deficiency caused by solely feeding on rice straw. |
| Key words: grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) straw rice-fish rotation serum biochemical parameters intestinal structure intestinal microbiota |
