| 摘要: |
| 【目的】艾诺垂蕈甲是一种真菌害虫，可对侧耳属蘑菇造成严重危害，研究艾诺垂蕈甲的生物学特性， 测定9种生物源农药对艾诺垂蕈甲的毒力及其对平菇菌丝生长的影响，筛选对艾诺垂蕈甲毒力高，且对平菇安全的生物源农药，为合理有效防治平菇上的艾诺垂蕈甲提供参考。【方法】通过田间踏查法及饲养观察，分析艾诺垂蕈甲的发育历期与危害特点；以登记可用于食用菌上的化学杀虫剂氯氟·甲维盐为对照，采用滤纸接触法及平板加药法，测定9种生物源农药对艾诺垂蕈甲成虫的室内毒力，并分析平菇菌丝对该9种生物源农药的室内敏感性。【结果】艾诺垂蕈甲为完全变态类昆虫，个体发育经历卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫4个虫态。其幼虫与成虫均可对平菇子实体进行取食危害，同时排泄大量虫粪污染菇体。毒力测定结果表明，多杀霉素和乙基多杀菌素对艾诺垂蕈甲成虫的毒力较高，致死中浓度（LC50）分别为0.083和0.195 mg/L，均高于化学杀虫剂氯氟·甲维盐；印楝素、藜芦碱以及除虫菊素对艾诺垂蕈甲成虫的毒力次之， LC50分别为4.249，5.327和9.135 mg/L；鱼藤酮、桉油精、蛇床子素和苦参碱对艾诺垂蕈甲成虫的毒力较低。供试9种生物源农药对平菇的安全性依次为多杀霉素>氯氟·甲维盐>苦参碱>印楝素>乙基多杀菌素>鱼藤酮>桉油精>除虫菊素>蛇床子素>藜芦碱。【结论】多杀霉素、乙基多杀菌素以及印楝素对艾诺垂蕈甲成虫具有较高毒力，且对平菇菌丝的安全性较高，可作为防治艾诺垂蕈甲的潜在杀虫剂。 |
| 关键词: 艾诺垂蕈甲 生物源农药 平菇 毒力 敏感性 安全性 |
| DOI：10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2025.01.008 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:贵州省科技计划项目［黔科合支撑〔2019〕2335号，黔科合平台人才-CXTD［2021］004］ |
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| Toxicity of 9 biopesticides to Triplax ainonia and their effects on mycelia growth of Pleurotus ostreatus |
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HOU Xiaolong1, HUANG Shihui2, HONG ben1, YANG Maofa3, LUO Changqing1
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1.Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region,Institute of Entomology,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;2.College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;3.Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region,Institute of Entomology,College of Tobacco Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Triplax ainonia is a fungal pest,which can cause serious harm to Pleurotus mushroom.In order to screen biological pesticides with high toxicity to T.ainonia and safety to Pleurotus ostreatus,this study explored the biological characteristics of T.ainonia,the toxicity of 9 biopesticides to T.ainonia and their effects on mycelia growth of P.ostreatus.The results would provide references for reasonable and effective control of T.ainonia on P.ostreatus.【Method】Based on spot survey and raising observation,the development periods and harmful characteristics of T.ainonia were analyzed.The indoor toxicity of 9 biopesticides to T.ainonia adults was determined by filter paper contact method and plate addition method,and indoor sensitivity of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia to biopesticides was explored using the chemical insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin·emamectin benzoate,which was allowed to be used on edible fungi,as the control.【Result】As a complete metamorphosed insect,the ontogeny of T.ainonia went through four stages of egg,larva,pupa and adult.Both larvae and adults of T.ainonia could feed on fruiting body of P.ostreatus and excreted large amounts of feces to pollute mushrooms.The toxicity test showed that spinosad and spinosad had high toxicity to T. ainonia adults with LC50 of 0.083 and 0.195 mg/L,respectively,which were higher than the control.The toxicity of azadirachtin,veratrine and pyrethrins were lower than the control with LC50 of 4.249, 5.327 and 9.135 mg/L,respectively.Rotenone,eucalyptol,osthole and matrine had low toxicity to T.ainonia adults.The safety of tested pesticides to P.ostreatus was in the order of spinosad>chlorofluoromethyl·emamectin benzoate>matrine>azadirachtin>spinetoram>rotenone>eucalyptol>pyrethrins>osthole>veratrine.【Conclusion】Spinosad,spinetoram and azadirachtin had high toxicity to T.ainonia adults and high safety to P.ostreatus growth,and they can be used as a potential insecticide for T.ainonia. |
| Key words: Triplax ainonia bio-pesticides Pleurotus ostreatus toxicity sensibility safety |
