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钙胁迫对白枪杆幼苗生长及矿质离子代谢的影响
茶晓飞^1,2, 孙丽娟¹, 郭焕仙¹, 段华超², 董琼¹
1.西南林业大学林学院，云南昆明 650224;2.怒江州林业和草原局，云南泸水 673200

摘要:

【目的】研究CaCl₂胁迫下白枪杆幼苗的生长及其矿质离子吸收、运输和分配特征，揭示白枪杆对石漠化岩溶地区高钙环境的离子适应机制。【方法】以1年生白枪杆幼苗为研究试材，用CaCl₂模拟钙胁迫处理，分别设置对照（0 mmol/L CaCl₂，CK）、低钙（25 mmol/L CaCl₂）、中钙（50 mmol/L CaCl₂）和高钙（75 mmol/L CaCl₂）4个处理，通过分析根、茎、叶生物量（干质量）和根冠比，以及根、茎、叶中的Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺离子含量及其对K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺离子的吸收和选择性运输能力，探究钙胁迫处理对白枪杆幼苗生长和根、茎、叶中矿质离子分配、吸收与运输的影响。【结果】低、中、高钙胁迫下，白枪杆幼苗生长均受到一定程度的抑制，生物量下降，根冠比增加，其中25~50 mmol/L CaCl₂胁迫下各器官生物量表现为叶＞根＞茎，75 mmol/L胁迫下则表现为根＞叶＞茎。随钙胁迫程度的加剧，白枪杆幼苗叶、根中的Na⁺含量显著降低，茎中Na⁺含量明显增加；K⁺在叶、根中的含量有所增加，但主要积累根中；Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺主要积累在叶中，随钙胁迫加重叶中的Ca²⁺含量递增，Mg²⁺含量则以50 mmol/L CaCl₂处理下最高。叶中的K⁺/Na⁺值与Ca²⁺/Na⁺值随钙胁迫加重总体均呈上升趋势，茎、根中的K⁺/Na⁺值及各器官中的Mg²⁺/Na⁺值均以50 mmol/L CaCl₂处理下最高。钙胁迫下，根向叶运输K⁺及向茎运输Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺能力下降，根、茎向叶运输Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺能力上升。【结论】白枪杆幼苗通过调节各器官生物量和离子分配适应钙的胁迫，主要通过茎对Na⁺的截留减少Na⁺对叶片的毒害，以维持叶片的正常生理功能，同时其对高钙生存环境的适应能力也与Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺的选择性运输能力增强有关。

关键词: 白枪杆钙胁迫森林培育矿质离子代谢

DOI：DOI:10.13207/j.cnki.jnwafu.2024.11.003

分类号:

基金项目:科技部国家重点研发计划子项目（2017YFD0601202)；云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2021J0166)

Effect of calcium stress on growth and mineral ion metabolism of Fraxinus malacophylla seedlings

CHA Xiaofei^1,2, SUN Lijuan¹, GUO Huanxian¹, DUAN Huachao², DONG qiong¹

1.College of forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming，Yunnan 650224,China;2.Nujiang Forestry and Grassland Administration,Lushui，Yunnan 673200,China

Abstract:

【Objective】This study investigated the growth of Fraxinus malacophylla seedlings and absorption,transport,and distribution characteristics of mineral ions under CaCl₂ stress to reveal the ion adaptation mechanism of F. malacophylla in high-calcium environments in karst rocky desertification areas.【Method】One-year-old F. malacophylla seedlings were treated using CaCl₂ to simulate calcium stress in four treatments of control (0 mmol/L CaCl₂,CK),low calcium (25 mmol/L CaCl₂),medium calcium (50 mmol/L CaCl₂),and high calcium (75 mmol/L CaCl₂).The effects of calcium stress on growth of F. malacophylla seedlings and distribution,absorption,and transportation characteristics of mineral ions in roots,stems,and leaves were explored by analyzing contents of Na⁺,K⁺,Ca²⁺,and Mg²⁺ions in roots,stems,and leaves, and their ability to absorb and selectively transport K⁺,Ca²⁺,and Mg²⁺ ions.【Result Under calcium stress,the growth of ^{F. malacophylla} seedlings was inhibited to a certain extent,resulting in decreased biomass and increased root-to-shoot ratio.The biomass under 25-50 mmol/L CaCl₂ stress was in the decreasing order of leaves>roots>stems,while the order was roots>leaves>stems under 75 mmol/L stress.With increasing calcium stress,Na⁺ content in leaves and roots of F. malacophylla seedlings decreased significantly,while that in stems increased.K⁺ content increased in leaves and roots,but mainly accumulated in roots.Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ mainly accumulated in leaves,and Ca²⁺ content increased with the increase of calcium stress,reaching the highest level at 50 mmol/L CaCl₂.K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ ratios in leaves showed an overall increasing trend with increasing calcium stress.K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in stems and roots and Mg²⁺/Na⁺ ratio in all organs reached the highest level in 50 mmol/L CaCl₂ treatment.Under calcium stress,the transport capacity of K⁺ from roots to leaves and that of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ from roots to stems decreased,while that of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ from roots and stems to leaves increased.【Conclusion】F. malacophylla seedlings adapted to calcium stress by adjusting biomass and ion distribution in various organs.They mainly reduce Na⁺ toxicity to leaves by trapping Na⁺ in stems,thereby maintaining normal physiological functions of leaves.The adaptation to high-calcium environments was also related to enhanced selective transport of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.

Key words: Fraxinus malacophylla calcium stress frest caltivation mineral ion metabolism