| 摘要: |
| 【目的】发掘防治香蕉枯萎病的高效生防菌资源，为有效控制香蕉枯萎病的发生提供参考。【方法】利用选择性培养基从福建省香蕉产区野生香蕉根际土壤中分离菌株，以香蕉枯萎病菌为靶标，采用平板对峙法、代谢物抑菌试验、抑菌谱和耐毒素能力测定筛选具有拮抗活性的生防细菌；通过形态学观察、生理生化特性测定、16S rDNA和gyrA基因序列分析及构建系统发育树进行生防菌株的鉴定，并采用灌根法测定生防菌株对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果。【结果】利用选择性培养基从野生香蕉根际土壤中分离到195株细菌，以香蕉枯萎病菌为靶标，采用平板对峙法筛选出对香蕉枯萎病菌具有拮抗活性的细菌17株，其中菌株NJ-1和NJ-4对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑菌带宽度分别达12.67和11.67 mm；不同拮抗细菌菌株间的代谢物对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制率存在差异，其中菌株NJ-1和NJ-4的抑菌效果较好，抑制率分别达89.06%和88.47%。菌株NJ-1和NJ-4对12种植物病原真菌均具有较好的抑制作用，抑菌谱广，且对5%的香蕉枯萎病菌粗毒素具有一定的耐受性。经菌落形态、生理生化特征及分子鉴定，菌株NJ-1和NJ-4分别为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌（Bacillus velezensis）。盆栽试验结果表明，菌株NJ-1和NJ-4对香蕉枯萎病具有较好的防治作用，其防治效果分别为71.69%和70.75%，且与对照药剂450 g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂1 000倍液处理相比，菌株NJ-1和NJ-4对促进香蕉苗株高、根长生长有显著优势。【结论】菌株NJ-1和NJ-4对香蕉枯萎病具有高效的生防潜力，而且对香蕉生长具有一定的促进作用。 |
| 关键词: 香蕉枯萎病 解淀粉芽孢杆菌 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 抑菌活性 防治效果 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:福建省属公益类科研院所专项“香蕉枯萎病高效拮抗细菌的筛选及其复合菌剂的生物效应”（2021R1024004）；国家重点研发计划项目“潜在和新发入侵物种精准甄别溯源和实时智能监测”（2021YFC2600402）；福建省农业科学院植物保护创新团队项目（CXTD2021027）；福建省农业科学院“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021011） |
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| Screening and control efficacies of highly effective antagonistic native bacteria against banana Fusarium wilt |
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GAN Lin,DAI Yuli,LIU Xiaofei,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored efficient biocontrol agents against banana Fusarium wilt to provide reference for controlling the disease effectively.【Method】A total of 195 strains of bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil of native wild bananas in banana planting areas of Fujian by selective medium.Using Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC) as target pathogen,biocontrol bacterial strains were screened by plate confrontation experiment,fungistatic metabolites test,antibacterial spectrum and tolerance tests to FOC crude toxin.Bacterial strains were identified by morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics and sequence analysis based on 16S rDNA and gyrA gene,and the control effects of biocontrol bacterial strains on Fusarium wilt were also determined by irrigating method.【Result】A total of 195 strains of bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil of native wild bananas in banana planting areas in Fujian by selective medium.Using FOC as target pathogen,17 biocontrol bacterial strains were obtained by the plate confrontation method.The inhibition widths of strains NJ-1 and NJ-4 were 12.67 and 11.67 mm,respectively.There were significant differences in inhibition rates of different bacterial strains,and strains NJ-1 and NJ-4 had better inhibition with rates of 89.06% and 88.47%,respectively.Strains NJ-1 and NJ-4 had wide antibacterial spectrum with good antagonistic activity against 12 plant pathogens and they also exhibited certain tolerance to FOC crude toxin at the concentration of 5%.The strains NJ-1 and NJ-4 were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus velezensis.The pot experiment showed that strains NJ-1 and NJ-4 had good control effects on banana Fusarium wilt with control efficiencies of 71.69% and 70.75%,respectively.Compared with the treatment of 450 g/L prochloraz EW 1 000 times solution,strains NJ-1 and NJ-4 showed obvious superiority in plant height and root length.【Conclusion】Strains NJ-1 and NJ-4 showed high biocontrol potential against banana Fusarium wilt and promoted the growth of plants. |
| Key words: banana Fusarium wilt Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bacillus velezensis antagonistic activity control efficacy |
