| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对新引种木本蔬菜卡亚嫩枝叶的营养价值进行研究，为卡亚的开发应用提供科学依据。【方法】采用食品安全国家标准对不同品种（Chaya、Estrella）和不同树龄（1年生Chaya、3年生Chaya）卡亚嫩枝叶的维生素、基本营养成分、矿物质、氨基酸组成等进行测定和分析，并与木本蔬菜香椿及常食蔬菜菜心和菠菜的营养成分进行比较，通过主成分分析对其营养价值进行综合评价。【结果】卡亚嫩枝叶含有丰富的维生素、蛋白质、矿物质和氨基酸，营养价值较高，其蛋白质、VC、P、Mn含量均超过香椿、菜心和菠菜。卡亚基本营养成分中蛋白质含量超过42.6 g/kg，脂肪含量最高为2 g/kg，膳食纤维含量超过21.7 g/kg，维生素中VC含量超过476 mg/kg；矿物质元素中P、Mg、K和Ca含量较高，最高含量分别为526，1 230，5 790和1 340 mg/kg。卡亚中富含17种氨基酸，总量超过40 g/kg，其中苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、酪氨酸及半胱氨酸含量均高于香椿、菜心和菠菜。卡亚必需氨基酸含量为16.83～18.42 g/kg，高于菜心和菠菜，必需氨基酸含量/总氨基酸含量值为0.42～0.44，高于香椿和菠菜，是比较理想的蛋白质来源蔬菜。方差分析和主成分分析表明，卡亚不同品种间营养价值差异较大，且Chaya>Estrella，不同树龄Chaya的营养价值以1年生>3年生，其中Chaya无论何种树龄嫩枝叶的营养价值均高于香椿、Estrella、菜心和菠菜，因此Chaya作为木本蔬菜可以一年种植多年采摘。【结论】卡亚总体氨基酸含量丰富，种类比较齐全，组成合理，是一种具有高营养价值的新资源木本蔬菜，值得推广食用。 |
| 关键词: 卡亚 木本蔬菜 营养成分 营养评价 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2018MB007) |
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| Analysis and evaluation of nutritional value of tender branches and leaves of woody vegetable Cnidoscolus aconitifolius |
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SHANG Xiuhua,ZHANG Peijian,LIU Guo,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the nutritional value of tender branches and leaves of new introduced woody vegetable Cnidoscolus aconitifolius to provide basis for scientific consumption of C. aconitifolius.【Method】Vitamins,basic nutrients,minerals,amino acids and other nutrients in tender branches and leaves of different varieties (Chaya and Estrella) at different tree ages (1 and 3 years old) were determined and analyzed by national food safety standards.The nutritional components were compared with those of woody vegetable Toona sinensis,common vegetable flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) and Spinacia oleracea L.The nutritional value was then evaluated by principal component analysis.【Result】The tender branches and leaves of C. aconitifolius were rich in vitamins,proteins,minerals and amino acids,indicating high nutritional value.The contents of protein,VC,P and Mn were higher than those of T. sinensis,flowering Chinese cabbage and S. oleracea L.The content of protein exceeded 42.6 g/kg,the content of fat was 2 g/kg, the content of dietary fiber exceeded 21.7 g/kg,and the content of VC exceeded 476 mg/kg.The contents of P,Mg,K,Ca were high with maximum contents of 526,1 230,5 790,1 340 mg/kg,respectively.C. aconitifoliu was rich in 17 amino acids,with a total amount of more than 40 g/kg,and contents of phenylalanine,methionine lysine,tyrosine and cysteine were higher than those of T. sinensis,flowering Chinese cabbage and S. oleracea L.The content of essential amino acids in C. aconitifoliu was 16.83-18.42 g/kg,which was higher than that of T. sinensis and flowering Chinese cabbage.The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was 0.42-0.44,higher than that of T. sinensis and S. oleracea L,indicating that it was an ideal source of protein.Comprehensive evaluation through variance analysis and principal component analysis showed that there were significant differences in nutritional value among different varieties and ages of C. aconitifolius.Chaya had higher value than Estrella,and 1-year-old had higher value than 3-year-old.Chaya had higher nutritional value than T. sinensis,Estrella,flowering Chinese cabbage and S. oleracea L. at all ages.C. aconitifoliu can be planted and used for many years as a woody vegetable.【Conclusion】C. aconitifoliu is a new resource of woody vegetable for popularization and consumption with high nutritional value as it has rich amino acids,complete nutritional varieties and reasonable composition. |
| Key words: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius woody vegetables nutrients constituent nutrition evaluation |
