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氮磷钾配施对戈壁日光温室基质槽培番茄产量和品质的影响
张俊峰1, 蒯佳琳1, 王晓巍,等2
1.甘肃省农业科学院 蔬菜研究所;2.甘肃省农业科学院 科技成果转化处
摘要:
【目的】研究氮、磷、钾肥配施对戈壁日光温室有机基质槽培番茄产量和品质的影响,以探明基质槽培番茄高产优质的适宜氮、磷、钾施用量及配比。【方法】在戈壁日光温室有机基质槽培条件下,以番茄品种吉诺比利为试材,采用氮磷钾3因素5水平正交旋转组合设计,共计20个处理,测定不同施肥处理番茄的产量与品质,然后以氮、磷、钾肥施用量的编码值为自变量,番茄的产量与品质综合评分为因变量进行二次多项式回归分析,得到氮、磷、钾肥与番茄产量和品质之间的回归模型,在此基础上,对氮、磷、钾肥进行主效因子、单因子以及互作效应分析,最终确定了番茄高产优质的氮、磷、钾肥施用量及配比。【结果】建立了氮、磷、钾肥施用量编码值与番茄产量和品质综合评分之间的回归模型,经F检验可知回归关系达极显著水平。主效因子分析结果显示,3种肥料因子对番茄产量和品质的影响均以氮肥最大,钾肥次之,磷肥较小,表明氮是影响戈壁日光温室有机基质槽培番茄产量和品质的首要因素。单因子效应分析结果显示,随着氮、磷、钾施肥量的增加,番茄产量和品质综合评分均先增加后降低。互作效应分析结果显示,氮磷、磷钾、氮钾之间的互作效应对番茄产量的影响达到了极显著水平。利用模型决策分析表明,戈壁日光温室秋冬茬基质槽培番茄目标产量大于80 000 kg/hm2时的施肥方案为:N 284~367 kg/hm2,P2O5 173~228 kg/hm2,K2O 437~566 kg/hm2;番茄品质综合评分超85分的优化施肥方案为:N 311~407 kg/hm2,P2O5 221~291 kg/hm2,K2O 454~592 kg/hm2。【结论】戈壁日光温室有机基质槽培番茄产量大于80 000 kg/hm2、品质综合评分超85分的施肥方案为:N 311~367 kg/hm2,P2O5 221~228 kg/hm2,K2O 454~566 kg/hm2,适宜的 N、P2O5、K2O施用量之比约为1∶0.66∶1.50。
关键词:  番茄  氮磷钾配施  戈壁日光温室  基质槽式栽培
DOI:
分类号:
基金项目:甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2020GAAS02);甘肃省引导科技创新发展专项资金项目(2018GAAS13);农业农村部西北地区蔬菜科学观测实验站项目(2015-A2621-620321 G1203-066);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201005)
Effects of combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield and quality of tomato cultured with organic substrate in greenhouse
ZHANG Junfeng,KUAI Jialin,WANG Xiaowei,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】The effects of combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield and quality of tomato cultured in organic substrate in Gobi solar greenhouse were studied to determine suitable application combination of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for obtaining high yield and quality of tomato cultured in substrate.【Method】Tomato variety of Ginobili was cultured in trough with organic substrate in Gobi solar greenhouse and the orthogonal rotation combination design with 3 factors and 5 levels of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was adopted.A total of 20 treatments were used to determine the yield and quality of tomato under different fertilization treatments.Then,the application values of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were taken as independent variables and the comprehensive score of tomato yield and quality was taken as dependent variable for quadratic polynomial regression analysis.Main factor,single factor and interaction effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were analyzed,and the optimal application amounts were determined.【Result】The regression model between values of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and tomato yield and quality was obtained.The F test showed that the regression relationship reached the very significant level.Main effect factor analysis showed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary factor affecting tomato yield and quality,followed by potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer.Single factor effect analysis showed that the comprehensive scores of tomato yield and quality first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization rates.The interaction effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and nitrogen and potassium had very significant effects on tomato yield.The suggested fertilization scheme was N 284-367 kg/hm2,P2O5 173-228 kg/hm2 and K2O 437-566 kg/hm2 to obtain yield of 80 000 kg/hm2.The optimized fertilization scheme for higher than 85 comprehensive quality score was N 311-407 kg/hm2,P2O5 221-291 kg/hm2 and K2O 454-592 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】The suggested fertilization scheme was N 311-367 kg/hm2,P2O5 221-228 kg/hm2 and K2O 454-566 kg/hm2 for yield of higher than 80 000 kg/hm2 and quality grade of larger than 85 and the suitable ratio of N∶P2O5∶K2O was 1∶0.66∶1.50.
Key words:  tomato  combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium  Gobi solar greenhouse  substrate trough cultivation