| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对32份建兰品种资源的18个主要数量性状进行观测与分析，为建兰品种DUS性状科学判定方法的建立提供支持。【方法】以收集保存的32份建兰品种资源为试验材料，依据NY/T 2441-2013《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南：兰属》(以下简称《兰属植物DUS测试指南》)中的测试要求，每个品种测量10株，每株取样1个，对建兰植株的大小(高度)和叶片数、叶长度和宽度、假鳞茎大小、花序花数量、花序梗长度和粗度以及花、中萼片、侧萼片、花瓣、唇瓣的长度和宽度共18个主要数量性状进行测量并采集数据，利用Excel和SPSS软件进行数量性状分级与各级分布频率分析、相关性分析、变异情况分析和主成分分析。【结果】根据《兰属植物DUS测试指南》中的分级数并结合实际情况对18个数量性状进行分级，将叶片数由5级改为3级，花序花数量由9级改为5级；根据各级的分布频率结果可知，18个数量性状中除植株大小是偏左的偏态分布外，其余17个数量性状较为符合不同峰度的正态分布。相比植株和叶片性状，花部性状间相关性更高，花长度、花宽度与萼片、花瓣、唇瓣长度呈极显著正相关，萼片宽度与花瓣宽度呈极显著正相关。32份建兰品种资源品种内变异系数均小于15%，稳定性较高，而品种间变异系数较大，变异丰富。通过主成分分析，选择出的分组性状为花长度、植株大小、萼片宽度、花序梗长度和假鳞茎大小，与《兰属植物DUS测试指南》中的分组性状部分吻合，可以增加花序梗长度作为分组性状。【结论】建兰种质资源品种内稳定性较好，品种间变异丰富，为种质资源创新利用提供了更大的选择潜力；DUS测试数量性状具有较大的不确定性，要结合标准品种或实际栽培品种来进行分级，并进行年度间的矫正；数量性状的分组性状可以通过主成分分析进行筛选。 |
| 关键词: 建兰 花卉育种 DUS测试 数量性状 分组性状 |
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| 基金项目:福建省属公益类科研院所专项（2019R1031-10）；农业农村部申请保护品种DUS测试及已知品种库维护项目(2019-350004000166,2021350104000191)；福建省农业科学院青年人才自由探索创新项目(AA2018-15) |
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| DUS evaluation of quantitative and grouping characteristics of Cymbidium ensifolium |
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ZHONG Shengyuan,ZHONG Haifeng,CHEN Yuhua,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study observed and analyzed 18 main quantitative characteristics of 32 Cymbidium ensifolium varieties to provide support for the establishment of scientific evaluation methods for DUS characteristics of C.ensifolium cultivars.【Method】A total of 32 C.ensifolium varieties were collected and preserved.According to the NY/T 2441-2013，Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability:Cymbidium （hereinafter referred to as DUS Test Guidelines of Cymbidium）,10 plants were measured for each variety and one sample was collected for each plant.A total of 18 major quantitative characteristics including plant size (height),leaf number,leaf length,leaf width,pseudobulb size,flower number,peduncle length,peduncle width,flower length,flower width,middle sepal length,middle sepal width,lateral sepal length,lateral sepal width,petal length,petal width,lip length and lip width of C.ensifolium were measured.Quantitative characteristic grading and distribution frequency analysis at all levels,correlation analysis,variation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted using Excel and SPSS.【Result】According to the grading numbers in the DUS Test Guidelines of Cymbidium and actual situation,the 18 quantitative characteristics were graded.The number of leaves was changed from grade 5 to grade 3,and the number of inflorescences was changed from grade 9 to grade 5.According to the distribution frequency of each level,all quantitative characteristics were in normal distribution with different kurtosis except plant size was in a skewed distribution.Compared with plant and leaf characteristics,the correlations between flower characteristics were higher. Flower length and flower width had extremely significant positive correlation with sepal,petal and lip length,and sepal width had extremely significant positive correlation with petal width.The coefficients of variation within the 32 varieties of C.ensifolium resources were less than 15% with high stability,while the coefficients of variation among varieties were large.Through principal component analysis,flower length,plant size,sepal width,peduncle length,and pseudobulb size were selected as grouping characteristics,which were partly consistent with the grouping traits in the DUS Test Guidelines of Cymbidium.The length of peduncle can be added as grouping characteristics.【Conclusion】The tested cultivars had good intraspecific stability and rich interspecific variation,providing great selection potential for innovative utilization of germplasm resources.The quantitative characteristics tested by DUS had great uncertainty,the classification should be combined with standard cultivars or actual cultivated cultivars,and annual corrections should be made.Grouped characteristics of quantitative characteristics can be screened by principal component analysis. |
| Key words: Cymbidium ensifolium flower breeding DUS testing quantitative characteristics grouping characteristics |
