| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同覆盖处理对媚丽葡萄果实品质与土壤理化性质的影响，为改善陕西关中地区葡萄品质，改进葡萄园栽培管理措施提供理论依据。【方法】于2019年3月，以酿酒葡萄媚丽（Vitis vinifera cv. Meili）为试材，采用塑料地膜（PF）、可降解液态地膜（LF）、碎枝条（GB）对葡萄进行行内覆盖处理，以清耕为对照（CK），在成熟期采集果实和行内表层（0～20 cm）土壤，测定不同处理的果粒横纵径、百粒质量和可溶性固形物、还原糖、可滴定酸、酚类物质（总酚、总花色苷、总黄烷-3-醇、总类黄酮、总单宁）含量与成熟系数（M，还原糖含量与可滴定酸含量的比值）及表层土壤的理化性质，对各处理葡萄果实品质和土壤理化性质进行主成分分析与聚类分析。【结果】PF、LF、GB处理与CK的果粒横纵径、百粒质量和可溶性固形物、还原糖、可滴定酸含量存在明显差异。与CK相比，各覆盖处理（PF、LF、GB）不仅能够提高果实的成熟系数以及葡萄皮中的总花色苷和总类黄酮含量与葡萄籽中总酚、总黄烷-3-醇和总类黄酮含量，显著降低葡萄籽中单宁含量，而且还可以显著提高土壤全氮、全磷含量及pH值，而对全钾、速效磷、全碳和有机质含量无显著影响，其中以GB处理效果总体最优。主成分分析（PCA）结果显示，特征值>1的2个主成分PC1(87.44%)和PC2(11.81%)的累积贡献率为99.25%，说明这2个主成分能充分反映原始数据的大部分信息，可以达到降维的目的；PF、LF、GB、CK处理可以明显区分开，表明4个处理之间均有显著差异。聚类分析结果显示，不同覆盖处理葡萄的品质指标和土壤理化性质指标可以分为5类，覆盖方式可分为4类，其中GB处理得分高于其他处理。【结论】地表覆盖处理可以有效改善陕西关中地区葡萄园土壤的理化性质，提高葡萄果实的品质，而枝条粉碎还田是最好的覆盖方式之一。 |
| 关键词: 覆盖处理；媚丽葡萄；果实品质；土壤养分 陕西关中地区 |
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| 基金项目:宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄酒产业关键技术研究与示范项目（2019YFD1002500） |
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| Effects of mulching treatments on fruit quality of Vitis vinifera cv.Meili and physical and chemical indicators of topsoil |
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DUAN Xinyao,GAO Feifei,HAN Xin,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In this study,the effects of different mulching treatments on fruit quality of Vitis vinifera cv. Meili grape and soil physical and chemical properties were studied to provide basis for improving grape quality and vineyard cultivation and management measures in Guanzhong area,Shaanxi.【Method】The Vitis vinifera cv.Meili was selected as the test material in March 2019.Plastic film (PF),degradable liquid film (LF) and broken branch (GB) were applied for covering and clear ploughing (CK) was used as the control.Transverse and vertical diameters,100-grain mass,soluble solids,reducing sugar,titratable acid and phenols (total phenol,total anthocyanin,total flavan-3-ols,total flavonoid and total tannin) of ripe fruits,maturity factor (reducing sugar/titratable acid) as well as physical and chemical properties of topsoil were obtained during fruit ripening.The fruit quality and physical and chemical properties of soil in different treatments were analyzed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis.【Result】There were significant differences in transverse and vertical diameters,100 grain mass,soluble solids,reducing sugar and titratable acid among treatments and CK.Compared with CK,all mulching treatments improved maturity factors,contents of total anthocyanins and total flavonoids in grape skin and contents of total phenols,total flavan-3-ols and total flavonoids in grape seeds,while significantly decreased tannin contents in grape seeds.Mulching treatments also significantly increased contents of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus as well as pH value but had no significant effect on contents of total potassium,available phosphorus,total carbon and organic matter.The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cumulative contribution rate of principal components with eigenvalues larger than 1 (PC1 (87.44%) and PC2 (11.81%)) was 99.25%,indicating that these two principal components can fully reflect original data.PF,LF,GB and CK treatments can be clearly distinguished,indicating that there were significant differences among treatments.The cluster analysis showed that berry quality indexes and soil physical and chemical properties of different mulching treatments can be divided into 5 categories.The mulching methods can be divided into 4 categories and the GB treatment had higher scores than other treatments.【Conclusion】Mulching treatment can effectively improve soil properties and fruit quality in Guanzhong area,Shaanxi.The treatment with broken branch was the best according to this study. |
| Key words: mulching treatments Vitis vinifera cv.Meili fruit quality soil nutrient Guanzhong area,Shaanxi |
