| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究城市绿化树木凋落叶对不同作物的化感效应，旨在为树木凋落叶多样化利用提供参考。【方法】以10种典型城市绿化树木凋落叶的水浸提液处理黄瓜、高粱、小麦和油菜4种受体种子，在光照培养箱内利用培养皿滤纸法进行种子发芽和幼苗生长试验，观测种子发芽率、发芽指数以及幼苗苗高、苗干质量和叶片叶绿素含量，并计算化感效应指数值，在此基础上，采用主成分分析法研究了不同树木凋落叶水浸提液对4种作物的综合化感效应。【结果】（1）10种树木凋落叶水浸提液对黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长均有不同程度的化感效应，其中紫叶李凋落叶水浸提液可使黄瓜种子发芽率和发芽指数均增加，紫叶李、栾树、七叶树和构树凋落叶水浸提液均可促进黄瓜幼苗苗高和叶绿素含量增加，樱花、青桐和海棠凋落叶水浸提液均可促进黄瓜幼苗苗干质量增加。10种树木凋落叶水浸提液对高粱种子的发芽率、苗高、叶绿素含量均有不同程度的抑制作用；10种树木中，只有海棠凋落叶水浸提液使高粱种子发芽指数和幼苗苗干质量增加。10种树木凋落叶水浸提液对小麦种子的发芽指数、苗高和苗干质量均有不同程度的抑制作用；10种树木中，只有樱花和七叶树凋落叶水浸提液增加了小麦种子发芽率和幼苗叶片叶绿素含量。10种树木中，只有海棠凋落叶水浸提液可使油菜种子发芽率、发芽指数和幼苗苗高、叶片叶绿素含量增加，樱花和紫叶李凋落叶水浸提液可使油菜幼苗苗干质量增加。（2）不同树木凋落叶水浸提液对4种作物的综合化感效应表现出很大的差异，其中樱花、海棠、七叶树凋落叶水浸提液对黄瓜、高粱、小麦和油菜4种作物均有明显综合促进作用；紫叶李凋落叶水浸提液对黄瓜、小麦和油菜3种作物均有明显综合促进作用，构树凋落叶水浸提液对黄瓜、高梁和油菜3种作物均有明显综合促进作用，栾树凋落叶水浸提液对黄瓜、高粱和小麦3种作物均有明显综合促进作用。【结论】樱花、海棠和七叶树凋落叶水浸提液对4种作物种子发芽和幼苗生长产生明显综合促进作用，可以作为开发生物有机肥最有潜力的树种。紫叶李、构树和栾树凋落叶水浸提液对3种作物产生明显综合促进作用，也可以考虑作为开发生物有机肥的备用树种。 |
| 关键词: 城市绿化树木 凋落叶 化感效应 生物有机肥 种子萌发 幼苗生长 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目（2016JZ010）；西北农林科技大学大学生创新实验计划项目（2018） |
|
| Allelopathic effects of fallen leaves of ten typical urban greening trees on seed germination and seedling growth of four crops |
|
FAN Xiaohui,MA Yong,QIAN Jiaxin,et al
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the allelopathy of urban greening tree litters on different crops to provide basis for diversified use of tree litters.【Method】Cucumis sativus,Sorghum vulgare,Triticum aestivum and Brassica campestris were treated with water extracts of 10 typical urban greening tree leaves.Seed germination and seedling growth in the light incubator were tested using petridish filter paper method,and in this test the seed germination rate,germination index,seedling height,seedling dry quality and chlorophyll content were measured and the allelopathy index was calculated.Then,the principal component analysis was used to study the comprehensive allelopathy effect of water extracts from different tree litters on four crops.【Result】（1） Water extracts of tree litters from 10 tree species had varying allelopathy on seed germination and seedling growth of Cucumis sativus.Water extracts from Prunus cerasifera litter increased germination rate and germination index of Cucumis sativus seeds,water extracts of Prunus cerasifera,Koelreteria paniculata,Aesculus chinensis and Broussonetia papyrifera promoted seedling height and chlorophyll content of Cucumis sativus,and water extracts of Cerasus serrulata,Firmiana simplex and Malus spectabilis leaf litters increased dry mass ofCucumis sativus seedlings.Water extracts from different trees had varying inhibition on germination rate,seedling height and chlorophyll content of Sorghum vulgare seeds.Only water extract from Malus spectabilis litter increased germination index of Sorghum vulgare seeds and dry mass of seedlings.Water extracts also had different inhibition on germination index,seedling height and seedling dry mass of Triticum aestivum seeds.Only water extracts of Cerasus serrulata and Aesculus chinensis litter leaves increased germination rate of Triticum aestivum seeds and chlorophyll content of seedling leaves.Only water extract of Malus spectabilis litter increased germination rate,germination index,seedling height and chlorophyll content of Brassica campestris,and water extract of Cerasus serrulata and Prunus cerasifera leaves increased dry mass of Brassica campestris seedlings.(2) The comprehensive allelopathic effects of water extracts from different tree litters on crops showed great differences.Water extracts of Cerasus serrulata,Malus spectabilis,and Aesculus chinensis leaf litters had comprehensive promotion effects on four tested crops.Water extract of Prunus cerasifera litter had comprehensive promotion effect on three crops including Cucumis sativus,Triticum aestivum and Brassica campestris.Water extract of Broussonetia papyrifera litter had comprehensive promotion effect on three crops including Cucumis sativus,Sorghum vulgare and Brassica campestris.Water extract of Koelreteria paniculata leaf litter had comprehensive promotion effect on three crops including Cucumis sativus,Sorghum vulgare and Triticum aestivum.【Conclusion】Water extracts of Cerasus serrulata,Malus spectabilis and Aesculus chinensis leaf litters significantly promoted seed germination and seedling growth of four crops,and can be used as promising tree species for development of bio-organic fertilizers.Water extracts of Prunus cerasifera,Broussonetia papyrifera and Koelreteria paniculata leaves had comprehensive promotion effect on three crops,and can be considered as alternate tree species. |
| Key words: urban greening trees litter allelopathy bio-fertilizer seed germination seedling growth |
