| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究茵陈蒿精油的化学成分、抗氧化能力、抑菌活性和抑菌机理，为蒿属植物精油开发应用提供理论依据。【方法】以采集的茵陈蒿植株为材料，采用气相色谱 质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对其化学成分进行分析；利用1,1-二苯基-2-二硝基苯肼（DPPH）测定茵陈蒿精油的抗氧化能力；采用琼脂扩散法测定茵陈蒿精油对大肠杆菌、破伤风杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌和荧光假单胞杆菌6种病原细菌和白色念珠菌、黄瓜灰霉病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、马铃薯立枯丝核菌7种病原真菌的抑菌活性；采用倍比稀释法测定茵陈蒿精油对白色念珠菌及6种供试病原细菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)值；采用菌丝生长速率法测定茵陈蒿精油对其他6种真菌的抑制率，并建立毒力回归方程；采用扫描电镜观察茵陈蒿精油对枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌细胞壁的影响。【结果】GC-MS分析结果显示，茵陈蒿精油共分离出24种化合物，主要成分为蒿酮（37.59%）、乙酸丁酯（22.75%）和桉叶油醇（11.34%）。茵陈蒿精油对DPPH自由基具有良好的清除能力。抑菌活性结果显示，茵陈蒿精油对供试菌株均有较强的抑制作用，供试菌种的MIC值为2.5～80 μL/mL，MBC值为5～150 μL/mL；茵陈蒿精油对病原真菌均有较强的毒力效果，EC50为3.371～10.942 μL/mL。扫描电镜结果显示，茵陈蒿精油破坏了菌株的细胞壁，使菌体内容物渗出，导致菌体形态发生改变。【结论】茵陈蒿精油化学成分丰富，具有良好的抗氧化能力和抑菌能力，在农作物病害防治及食品保鲜方面有较高的应用价值。 |
| 关键词: 茵陈蒿 精油 抑菌活性 抗氧化活性 |
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| 基金项目:2018年中医药公共卫生服务补助专项“全国中药资源普查项目”（财社〔2018〕43号） |
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| Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Artemisia capillaris |
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FENG Shenglai,MA Wenxia,ZHAO Yunhua,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The chemical composition,antioxidant activity as well as antibacterial activity and mechanism of essential oil from Artemisia capillaris were studied to provide basis for its development and application.【Method】The chemical components of collected A. capillaris plants were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the antioxidant capacity of essential oil from A. capillaries was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH).The antibacterial activity of essential oil against 6 pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and 7 pathogenic fungi such as Phytophthora capsici was determined by agar diffusion method.The MIC and MBC values of A. capillaries essential oil against candida albicans and 6 pathogenic bacteria were determined by double dilution method.The inhibition rate to other 6 filamentous fungi was determined by hypha growth rate method and the virulence regression equation was established.The effect of essential oil from A. capillaries on cell wall of Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans was also observed by scanning electron microscope.【Result】GC-MS analysis showed that essential oil from A. capillaries was composed of 24 compounds and main components included artemesia (37.59%),butyl acetate (22.75%) and eucalyptol (11.34%).It had good scavenging effect on DPPH free radicals.The results of antibacterial activity showed that it had strong inhibitory effect on tested strains,with MIC value of 2.5-80 μL/mL and MBC value of 5-150 μL/mL.It also had strong virulence to pathogenic fungi with EC50 value of 3.371-10.942 μL/mL.Scanning electron microscope showed that the essential oil from A. capillaries destroyed cell wall membrane of tested strain and changed cell morphology with outflow of cell contents.【Conclusion】The essential oil from A. capillaries was rich in components with good antioxidant and bacteriostatic ability,and it had high application in crop disease control and food preservation. |
| Key words: Artemisia capillaris essential oil bacteriostatic activity antioxidant capacity |
