| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同砧木对极端干旱区酿酒葡萄马瑟兰光合及酿酒特性的影响，为马瑟兰葡萄的嫁接栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以4个砧木（5BB、SO4、3309M、101-14MG）嫁接马瑟兰组成的砧穗组合（M/5BB、M/SO4、M/3309M、M/101-14MG）及马瑟兰自根苗（对照）为试材，于葡萄转色期测定马瑟兰葡萄叶片光合参数，于果实采收期测定果实品质指标并进行单品种酿造试验，测定所酿造葡萄酒的品质指标。【结果】砧木嫁接可以显著提高马瑟兰葡萄叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度，与自根苗相比，M/3309M、M/5BB、M/101-14MG的净光合速率分别提高了84.18%，119.39%和42.09%，蒸腾速率分别提高了69.30%，65.67%和53.31%，均表现出较优的光合特性。M/3390M、M/101-14MG、M/5BB的单穗质量和单粒质量均较自根苗显著增大，且果穗紧密度表现为适中或偏疏，其中单穗质量的增幅分别为64.01%，93.67%和46.12%，单粒质量的增幅分别为54.80%，54.80%和43.84%。M/101-14MG、M/5BB葡萄果皮颜色值显著大于自根苗，果实成熟度更好。M/101-14MG、M/5BB、M/3309M的可溶性固形物含量及还原糖和总酸质量浓度均较自根苗显著增加，其中还原糖质量浓度的增幅分别为14.48%，16.51%和11.94%，总酸质量浓度的增幅分别为26.64%，25.04%和39.96%；M/SO4的还原糖质量浓度与自根苗差异不显著。与自根苗相比，砧木嫁接均可以显著增加马瑟兰葡萄果皮中的总酚、总花色苷含量，M/SO4、M/101-14MG、M/5BB还有效增加了果皮中的单宁含量，增幅分别为43.70%，32.93%和30.29%。M/101-14MG、M/5BB果实酿造的干红葡萄酒酒精度较高，分别为13.50%和13.70%，且 M/101-14MG葡萄酒中总花色苷质量浓度（105.61 mg/L）显著高于其他处理，pH值最小，色调值最小。【结论】综合而言，3309M、5BB、101-14MG嫁接的马瑟兰葡萄叶片具有较优的光合特性，且以101-14MG嫁接葡萄酿酒品质最优。 |
| 关键词: 砧木 马瑟兰葡萄 酿酒特性 果实品质 葡萄酒品质 |
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| 基金项目:现代农业产业技术体系专项资金（CARS-29-26） |
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| Effects of rootstocks on photosynthesis and vinification characteristics of Marselan grape in extreme arid region |
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BAI Shijian,HU Jinge,CAI Junshe,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Effects of different rootstocks (5BB,SO4,3309M and 101-14MG) on photosynthesis and vinification characteristics of wine grape Marselan in extreme arid region were studied to provide basis for the grafting cultivation of Marselan grape【Method】Four rootstock-scion combinations of M/5BB,M/SO4,M/3309M and M/101-14MG based on rootstocks of 5BB,SO4,3309M and 101-14MG grafted with Marselan and self-root seedlings （CK） were selected.Photosynthetic parameters of grape leaves were measured during color changing,fruit quality was measured,and qualities of wines after harvest were determined.【Result】Net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of Marselan grape leaves were significantly improved by grafting.Net photosynthetic rates of M/3309M,M/5BB and M/101-14MG were increased by 84.18%,119.39% and 42.09%,and transpiration rates were increased by 69.30%,65.67% and 53.31% with improved photosynthetic characteristics compared with self root seedlings.Average cluster masses and average berry masses of M/3390M,M/101-14MG and M/5BB were significantly higher than those of self-root seedlings, and cluster density was medium or loose.Average cluster masses were increased by 64.01%,93.67% and 46.12% and average berry masses were increased by 54.80%,54.80% and 43.84%,respectively.Skin color values of M/101-14MG and M/5BB were significantly greater than those of self-root seedlings and maturity was better.Soluble solid content,reducing sugar and total acid mass concentration were increased significantly.Reducing sugar mass concentrations were increased by 14.48%,16.51% and 11.94%,total acid mass concentrations were increased by 26.64%,25.04% and 39.96%,while reducing sugar mass concentration was changed insignificantly.Total phenol and anthocyanin contents of pericarp were increased by grafting,and tannins contents of M/SO4,M/101-14MG and M/5BB were increased effectively by 43.70%,32.93% and 30.29%,respectively.Alcohol contents of M/101-14MG and M/5BB were 13.50% and 13.70%,and M/101-14M had the highest total anthocyanin mass concentration (105.61 mg/L) and lowest pH and tone value．【Conclusion】Photosynthetic characteristics of M/3309M，M/5BB and M/101-14MG leaves were superior to others and M/101-14MG had the best wine quality． |
| Key words: rootstock Marselan grape vinification characteristics fruit quality wine quality |
