| 摘要: |
| 【目的】筛选适宜全有机营养袋式栽培的专用西瓜品种，为西瓜设施栽培提供理论依据和技术支持。【方法】采用有机基质配合有机营养液的袋式栽培方式，对分属于京欣（8个品种）、西农8号（7个品种）、早春红玉（2个品种）、小兰（3个品种）和红小玉（4个品种）5个类型共计24个西瓜品种进行试验观察，其中前2个类型的15个西瓜品种采用爬地栽培模式，其余3个类型的9个西瓜品种采用吊蔓栽培模式。通过分析伸蔓期、坐果期、果实发育期和全生育期等重要的生长发育周期，第一朵雌花节位、生长势和坐果难易等生长特性指标，单果质量、每公顷产量等产量指标，果实中心和边部可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、还原糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量等品质指标，采用主观层次分析法、客观熵权法对各单一指标进行赋权，再利用基于博弈论的组合赋权法计算各指标权重，最后采用TOPSIS分析法对各西瓜品种的果实产量与品质进行综合评价。【结果】爬地栽培品种中早熟性最好的为金城5号，第一朵雌花节位为7.80节，果实发育期28 d；吊蔓栽培品种中早熟性最好的为1807WME167，第一朵雌花节位为6.60节，果实发育期27 d；参试西瓜品种普遍生长势强、坐果易。爬地栽培品种中1712WME237果皮厚度最小，为6.92 mm；吊蔓栽培品种中的1807WME339果皮厚度最小，为3.04 mm。爬地栽培品种中单果质量最大且每公顷产量最高的为西农8号，分别达6.08 kg和9.1×104 kg；吊蔓栽培品种中早春红玉单果质量最大且每公顷产量最高，分别达2.23 kg和5.58×104 kg。24个西瓜品种中，可溶性固形物含量最高的为1807WME338，其中心可溶性固性物含量为11.32%，边部可溶性固形物含量为8.77%；可溶性糖和还原性糖含量最高的均为美都，分别为25.19和35.42 mg/g；可溶性蛋白含量最高的为1812WME023，达90.04 μg/g；维生素C含量最高的为小兰，达57.26 μg/g。采用基于博弈论的组合赋权法确定的各指标最终权重排序为：单果质量>可溶性蛋白含量>维生素C含量>还原糖含量>中心可溶性固形物含量>每公顷产量>边部可溶性固形物含量>可溶性糖含量。基于TOPSIS分析法对西瓜果实产量和品质综合分析得出，爬地栽培模式下京欣类型中美都综合评价值最高，1812WME006次之；西农8号类型中西农8号综合评价值最高；在吊蔓栽培模式下，早春红玉类型中的早春红玉、小兰类型中的小兰、红小玉类型中的红小玉综合评价值最高。【结论】京欣、西农8号、早春红玉、小兰和红小玉5个类型中适宜全有机营养袋式栽培的西瓜品种分别为美都、西农8号、早春红玉、小兰和红小玉。 |
| 关键词: 全有机营养袋式栽培 西瓜栽培 西瓜品种筛选 综合评价 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目（2018TSCXL-NY-05-03）；江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目“优质多抗西瓜新品种创制”（PZCZ201717）；青海省蔬菜产业科技创新平台集成示范项目（QNKP-2018-03-01） |
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| Evaluation of yield and quality of different watermelon varieties cultured in full organic nutrition bags |
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WANG Xuewei,SUN Yudong,LI Jianming
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The selection of watermelon varieties suitable for full organic nutrition bag cultivation was conducted to provide basis and support for facility cultivation.【Method】Bag cultivation with organic substrate and organic nutrient solution was used to plant 24 watermelon varieties belonging to five types of Jingxin (8 varieties),Xinong 8 hao (7 species),Zaochunhongyu (2 species),Xiaolan (3 species) and Hongxiaoyu (4 species).The 15 varieties of the first 2 types were used for ground cultivation mode,while the remaining 9 species were used for hanging tendril cultivation mode.The growth period indexes of seeding time,engraftment period stage,stretch vines,fruit,fruit maturation and whole growth period,growth indexes of first female flower’s node,degree of vigorous growth and degree of easy fruiting,yield indexes of fruit quality and yield per hectare yield,and quality indexes of fruit center and edge of soluble solids,soluble sugar,reducing sugar,soluble protein content and vitamin C were determined.The subjective analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the objective entropy weight method were adopted for single index empowerment,the game theory was used to calculate index weight,and fruit yield and quality of watermelon varieties were evaluated by TOPSIS analysis.【Result】The best early maturity of ground cultivars was Jincheng 5 hao with the first female flower at 7.80 nodes and the fruit development period of 28 days.Among the cultivars with hanging tendrils,the best early maturity was 1807WME167 with the first female flower at 6.60 nodes and the fruit development period of 27 days.The tested watermelon varieties generally had strong growth potential and easy fruit setting.The 6.92 mm pericarp thickness of 1712WME237 was the smallest among the cultivated cultivars.The 3.04 mm peel thickness of 1807WME339 was the smallest among hanging vine cultivars.Xinong 8 hao had the highest single fruit quality of 6.08 kg and the highest yield per hectare of 9.1×104 kg.The single fruit quality and yield per hectare of Zaochunhongyu were the highest of 2.23 kg and 5.58×104 kg.Among the 24 watermelon varieties,1807WME338 had highest content of soluble solid with central soluble solid content of 11.32% and edge soluble solid content of 8.77%.The highest contents of soluble sugar and reducing sugar were found in Meidu (25.19 and 35.42 mg/g).1812WME023 had the highest soluble protein content of 90.04 μg/g.The highest vitamin C content of 57.26 μg/g was obtained in Xiaolan.The final weights of indexes determined by the combination weighting method based on game theory were in the order of single fruit quality>soluble protein content>vitamin C content>reducing sugar content>center soluble solid content>per hectare yield>side soluble solid content>soluble sugar content.According to the comprehensive analysis of watermelon fruit yield and quality based on TOPSIS analysis method,the comprehensive evaluation value of Meidu was the highest,followed by 1812WME006.Xinong 8 hao had the highest comprehensive evaluation value in its group.The comprehensive evaluation values of Zaochunhongyu,Xiaolan and Hongxiaoyu were the highest among their groups.【Conclusion】The watermelon varieties suitable for total organic nutrition bag cultivation in Jingxin,Xinong 8 hao,Zaochunhongyu,Xiaolan and Hongxiaoyu groups were Meidu,Xinong 8 hao,Zaochunhongyu,Xiaolan and Hongxiaoyu,respectively. |
| Key words: total organic nutrition bag culture watermelon cultivation variety screening of watermelon comprehensive evaluation |
