| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究新疆环塔里木盆地4个生态区骏枣果实质地品质特征差异，分析气象因子对其质地品质的影响，为区域骏枣栽培的合理区划、优质高产提供理论依据。【方法】根据环塔里木盆地骏枣种植现状，以地州级行政辖区为单位，分别选取阿克苏地区（沙雅县）、喀什地区（疏勒县）、和田地区（策勒县）、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州（博湖县）4个研究靶区，依据区域气象气候条件将其分别归为4个生态区：干旱中温微风区（Ⅰ区）、偏干旱高温大风区（Ⅱ区）、极干旱高温微风区（Ⅲ区）和偏干旱中温疾风区（Ⅳ区）。于2018-2019年骏枣完熟期采摘果实，通过质地剖面分析（TPA）测定其质地品质指标（硬度、黏附性、弹性、内聚性、胶着度、咀嚼度、回复性），同时收集4个生态区2000-2015年的平均气压、降水量等13项气象数据，对其进行统计分析。采用主成分分析、相关分析、回归分析方法，研究骏枣质地品质与气象因子的关系，确定优质骏枣生产的主要气象因子最适值。【结果】环塔里木盆地4个生态区骏枣质地品质差异较大；主成分分析显示，可将7个枣果品质指标简化为2个主成分，其中第1主成分与硬度、弹性、内聚性、胶着度、咀嚼度有较大正相关，第2主成分与黏附性、回复性有较大正相关；在此基础上对4个生态区骏枣综合质地品质进行分析，得分高低依次为Ⅳ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅰ区>Ⅲ区，以Ⅳ区最优。相关性分析结果显示，气象因子对骏枣质地品质影响显著，其中最高气温、最低气温、降水量、蒸发量、平均风速和日照时数的影响较大，且以降水量和蒸发量的影响较为显著。研究靶区骏枣种植达优良质地品质的最适宜气象条件为：最高气温38.48 ℃、最低气温-17.59 ℃、年降水量82.20 mm、年蒸发量1 511.30 mm、平均风速1.29 m/s、年日照时数2 952.22 h；在此条件下骏枣的质地品质指标优化值分别为：硬度7.73 N、黏附性-2.49、弹性3.54、内聚性0.85、胶着度6.54 N、咀嚼度6.19 N、回复性0.79。【结论】环塔里木盆地4个生态区骏枣质地品质特征有较大差异，气象因子中最高气温、最低气温、降水量、蒸发量、平均风速和日照时数对其影响较大。 |
| 关键词: 骏枣 质地品质 气象因子 环塔里木盆地 |
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| 基金项目:2019年中央财政林草科技推广示范项目“枣控本增效栽培技术与新优品种推广示范”（新［2019］TG16号），“塔里木盆地北缘困难立地节水造林技术集成与示范”（新［2019］TG23号） |
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| Texture quality of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Junzao of Tarim Basin and its relationship with meteorological factors |
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LU Caili,HE Bingyu,MA Shan,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the difference in quality characteristics of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Junzao fruit in four ecological regions in the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang and analyzed the influence of meteorological factors on texture and quality to provide basis for rational division of regional cultivation as well as quality and yield improvement.【Method】Based on current situation of Junzao planting in the Tarim Basin and the prefecture level administrative areas,four research target areas were selected including Aksu region (Shaya county),Kashi Region (Shule county),Hetian region (Cele county),and Bayingguolen Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (Bohu county).According to meteorological and climatic conditions,they were classified into four ecological areas of arid and moderate temperature breeze area (area Ⅰ),arid high temperature and strong wind area (area Ⅱ),and extremely dry In the high-temperature breeze area (area Ⅲ) and the arid moderate temperature blast area (area Ⅳ).Fruits were picked in 2018－2019,and texture quality indicators of hardness, adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness and resilience were determined by texture slope analysis (TPA).At the same time,13 meteorological indexes from 2000 to 2015 in the four ecological areas were collected for statistical analysis.The principal component analysis,correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to study the relationship between quality of jujube texture and meteorological factors.The most appropriate value of main meteorological factors for high quality Junzao production was also determined.【Result】The texture and quality of Junzao in four ecological regions in the Tarim Basin were quite different.The principal component analysis showed that seven quality indexes can be simplified into two principal components.The first principal component was positively related to hardness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess and chewiness,and the second principal component was positively related to adhesiveness and resilience.Then,the comprehensive texture quality was analyzed with scores in the order of Ⅳ area>Ⅱ area>Ⅰ area>Ⅲ area.The results of correlation analysis showed that meteorological factors had significant impact on texture and quality of Junzao.Maximum temperature,minimum temperature,precipitation,evaporation,average wind speed and sunshine hours had great impacts,and the top two were precipitation and evaporation.The most suitable meteorological conditions for good quality of Junzao planting were the highest temperature 38.48 ℃,the lowest temperature -17.59 ℃,precipitation 82.20 mm,evaporation 1 511.30 mm,average wind speed 1.29 m/s,and sunshine hours 2 952.22 h.Under these conditions,the optimal values of Junzao quality indexes were hardness 7.73 N,adhesiveness -2.49,springiness 3.54,cohesiveness 0.85,gumminess 6.54 N,chewiness 6.19 N and resilience 0.79.【Conclusion】There were large differences in texture and quality characteristics of Junzao in 4 ecological areas in the Tarim Basin,and meteorological factors including maximum temperature,minimum temperature,precipitation,evaporation,average wind speed and sunshine hours had large impacts. |
| Key words: Ziziphus jujuba cv.Junzao texture quality meteorological factor Tarim Basin |
