| 摘要: |
| 【目的】测定从北美引种的3种美国红橡木材的物理力学性质，以弥补我国家具和室内装修优质木材资源不足的现状。【方法】以引种的14年生（幼龄期）美国红橡纳塔栎（Quercus nuttallii）、舒玛栎（Quercus shumardii）和水栎（Quercus nigra）为研究对象，按照国家标准方法测定其木材的密度、干缩性、冲击韧性、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量等基本物理力学性能指标，分析各指标间的相关性，并采用隶属函数法对各树种木材材性进行综合评价。【结果】3种美国红橡幼龄材气干密度、体积气干干缩率、冲击韧性、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量分别为0.725～0.767 g/cm3，9.650%～10.622%，216.59～255.14 kJ/m2，45.57～54.44 MPa，104.24～105.40 MPa，7.11～7.77 GPa。3种美国红橡种间弦向全干干缩率差异极显著（P≤0.01），而种间径向全干干缩率和抗弯强度均差异不显著。相关性分析表明，红橡幼龄材气干密度与抗弯强度极显著相关；顺纹抗压强度与抗弯弹性模量极显著相关，与抗弯强度显著相关；抗弯强度与抗弯弹性模量极显著相关。3种红橡材性综合评价结果显示，纳塔栎和舒玛栎的材性略优于水栎。与其他栎属树种成熟材相比，引种的美国红橡幼龄材的大多数指标均接近其他栎属成熟材水平。【结论】3种美国红橡木材都属于高强度、高等级木材，材性优良，可作为制作家具和室内装修的优质用材。 |
| 关键词: 美国红橡 幼龄材 木材物理性质 木材力学强度 |
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| 基金项目:江苏省科技计划项目“优质用材及观赏北美栎树良种选育”(BE2015370) |
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| Physical and mechanical properties of introduced American red oaks juvenile wood |
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BI Yujin,WANG Hui,PAN Biao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The physical and mechanical properties of introduced three varieties of American red oak were systematically determined to increase the resources of high quality furniture and interior decoration timber in China.【Method】The wood physical and mechanical strength indexes including air-dry density,dry shrinkage,impact ductility,compression strength parallel to grain,bending strength and modulus of elasticity in static bending of 14 years old Quercus nuttallii,Quercus shumardii and Quercus nigra were investigated,and the relationship between them were comprehensively evaluated and compared among the three American red oaks.【Result】The air-dry density,volume air-dry shrinkage rate,impact bending strength,compression strength parallel to grain,bending strength and modulus of elasticity were 0.725-0.767 g/cm3,9.650%-10.622%,216.58-255.14 kJ/m2,45.57-54.44 MPa,104.24-105.40 MPa,and 7.11-7.77 GPa,respectively.The differences in wood tangential oven-dry shrinkage rate among the three red oaks were extremely significant,while the differences in radial oven-dry shrinkage rate and bending strength were not significant.The air-dry density of red oaks juvenile wood was extremely correlated with bending strength.The compression strength parallel to grain was extremely significantly correlated with modulus of elasticity and it was significantly correlated with bending strength.The bending strength was significantly correlated with modulus of elasticity.Comprehensive evaluation based on subordinate function showed that wood physical and mechanical properties of Q. nuttallii and Q. shumardii were better than Q. nigra.Most physical and mechanical strength indexes of juvenile red oak wood were close to other mature Quercus woods.【Conclusion】All the three species of American red oaks had high strength and wood quality,and they could be used as furniture or interior renovation wood． |
| Key words: America red oak juvenile wood wood physical properties wood mechanical properties |
