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稻草与牛粪混合腐解的最佳配比筛选
王 楠1, 刘 兰1, 陈 晨,等1
吉林农业科技学院 农学院
摘要:
【目的】以腐殖质组成特征为评价依据,筛选稻草与牛粪混合腐解的最佳配比,为两类农业固体废弃物的资源化应用提供参考。【方法】以稻草和牛粪为材料,采用室内培养法,研究稻草与牛粪质量比为10∶0(Rs),9∶1(Rd1),7∶3(Rd2),5∶5(Rd3),3∶7(Rd4),1∶9(Rd5)和0∶10(Dm)混合腐解90 d,各处理水溶性物质(WSS)、可提取腐殖酸(HE)、胡敏酸(HA)、胡敏素(Hu)组分的有机碳含量(依次表述为CWSS、CHE、CHA、CHu),以及胡敏酸碱溶液E4/E6、腐殖化系数(CHA/CFA)的动态变化,筛选稻草与牛粪腐解的最佳配比。【结果】与0 d相比,在腐解完成(90 d)后,各处理CWSS含量均有不同程度降低,相比于稻草,牛粪腐解后更易促进微生物对CWSS的利用,使其下降86.2%;Rd2和Rd5处理使物料CHE含量分别增加10.2%和28.6%,其余处理CHE均有不同程度消耗;与0 d相比,腐解完成后,Rd1、Rd3和Dm处理均有助于CHA的积累,其中牛粪腐解更易促进CHA的形成,使其增加30.5%。在各处理下,物料HA分子均先发生降解、脂族化,而后逐渐缩合、芳香化,但HA分子结构仍趋于简单;在促进HA分子脂族化方面,Rd4处理的优势最大,而Dm处理更有利于HA结构的稳定。Rd3处理在促进腐殖质品质方面的贡献最大,其次为Rd1处理,Dm和Rs处理次之,但Rd2和Rd5处理不利于腐殖质品质的改善;Rs、Rd1、Rd2、Rd3和Rd4处理在腐解过程中更有利于CHu的分解,且Rd3处理的优势最大,使CHu含量下降91.0%,而牛粪比例≥90%更有助于CHu的累积。【结论】稻草与牛粪按照质量比5∶5混合腐解,易促进CHu的分解和CHA的积累,利于腐殖质品质提升。
关键词:  农业固体废弃物  稻草  牛粪  混合腐解  腐殖质组成
DOI:
分类号:
基金项目:吉林农业科技学院青年基金项目(吉农院合字[2018]第3018号);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300207-1)
Selection of optimum ratio for mixed decomposition of rice straw and cattle manure
WANG Nan,LIU Lan,CHEN Chen,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】The best ratio of rice straw and cattle manure in combined decomposition was obtained using humus composition as basis to provide references for utilization of agricultural solid wastes.【Method】The indoor culture method was used to study the mixing mass ratios of rice straw to cattle manure including 10∶0 (Rs),9∶1 (Rd1),7∶3 (Rd2),5∶5 (Rd3),3∶7 (Rd4),1∶9 (Rd5) and 0∶10 (Dm).After 90 days,the changes in organic carbon contents in water soluble substances (WSS),humic extracted acid (HE),humic acid (HA) and humin (Hu),E4/E6 ratio of humic acid alkali extract,and humification index (CHA/CFA) were analyzed to select the optimal mixing ratio.【Result】Compared with 0 d,CWSS of all treatments were reduced at the end of decomposition.Compared with rice straw,the decomposition of cattle manure was easier to promote microbial utilization of CWSS,which was decreased by 86.2%.Rd2 and Rd5 treatments increased CHE content of mixed materials by 10.2% and 28.6%,respectively,while CHE of other treatments were consumed to varying degrees.Compared with 0 d,Rd1,Rd3 and Dm treatments contributed to CHA accumulation at the end of decomposition,and cattle manure decomposition promoted CHA formation with 30.5% increase.HA molecules of mixed materials in all treatments degraded first and became aliphatic,followed by gradual condensation and aromatization.Final molecular structure of HA tended to be simple,and Rd4 treatment had the greatest advantage.Dm treatment was more favorable for stability of HA molecular structure.Rd3 treatment had the greatest contribution to the promotion of humus quality,followed by Rd1,Dm and Rs treatments.Conversely,Rd2 and Rd5 treatments were not conducive to the improvement of humus quality.Rs,Rd1,Rd2,Rd3 and Rd4 treatments were more favorable for the decomposition of CHu and Rd3 treatment was the best with 91.0% decrease.The ratio of ≥90% cattle manure was more conducive to CHu accumulation.【Conclusion】The 5∶5 mass ratio of rice straw to cattle manure was more likely to promote CHu decomposition,CHA accumulation,and humus quality.
Key words:  agricultural solid wastes  rice straw  cattle manure  mixed decomposition  humus composition