| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究林地转变为茶园对土壤细菌群落结构与多样性的影响，为进一步制定茶园土壤可持续管理措施提供科学依据。【方法】以林地(SM，对照)、新垦3年茶园(ZC3)和植茶30年茶园(ZC30)为研究对象，采用多点混合取样法取0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的样品，测定不同样地土壤的理化性质；运用高通量测序技术，研究3种样地土壤细菌多样性及群落结构，并对土壤理化性质与细菌多样性和群落结构的关系进行相关性和冗余分析(RDA)。【结果】林地转变为茶园后，新垦3年茶园土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾和有效铁含量显著降低，土壤体积质量显著增加；植茶30年茶园土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和有效铁含量较新垦3年茶园显著增加，但土壤pH显著下降，茶园土壤酸化严重。土壤细菌群落Alpha多样性总体由高到低排序依次为林地>植茶30年茶园>新垦3年茶园，与林地相比,新垦茶园土壤细菌Alpha多样性指数显著降低。从所有土壤样品中共检测到细菌29个门、60个纲、79个目、186个科、421个属，主要优势细菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)，相对丰度共计93.5%~98.9%；主要优势细菌属为粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、普氏菌属(Prevotella)、埃希氏杆菌属(Escherichia)、Gp2及Gp1。不同样地和土层土壤细菌优势菌群明显不同，在0~20 cm土层，变形菌门和酸杆菌门是林地土壤中的优势菌门，而茶园土壤中的优势细菌门为厚壁菌门和变形菌门；Gp2和Gp1是林地土壤优势菌属，而新垦3年茶园中这两类细菌属相对丰度较低；植茶30年茶园土壤中粪杆菌属、拟杆菌属、普氏菌属和埃希氏杆菌属相对丰度较高。相关性分析和冗余分析结果表明，土壤体积质量、有机质和碱解氮是影响土壤细菌群落丰度和多样性的主要土壤因子，影响程度由大到小为土壤体积质量>有机质>碱解氮。【结论】林地转变为茶园后，土壤理化性质以及细菌多样性和群落结构发生了明显变化，转变初期土壤细菌多样性明显降低，之后随着植茶年限的增加，土壤细菌多样性得以恢复。 |
| 关键词: 林地开垦 茶园土壤 土壤细菌群落结构 土壤细菌多样性 高通量测序 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200903)；福建省科技厅公益类科研项目(2018R1012-2)；福建省科技重大专项（2017NZ-0002）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(STIT2017-1-3，STIT2017-3-8);福建省科技厅星火计划项目(2017S0049) |
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| Effects of forestland to tea garden conversion on soil bacterial community and diversity |
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CHEN Yuzhen,WANG Feng,WU Zhidan,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This paper studied the changes of soil bacterial community and diversity after forestland was converted to tea garden to provide basis for sustainable development of tea industry.【Method】Sampling plots were set in forestland (SM,CK),3 years old tea garden (ZC3) and 30 years old tea garden (ZC30) and soils were collected from soil depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm using the five point sampling method.The soil physical and chemical properties were measured and high throughput sequencing technique was used to determine soil bacteria community structure and diversity.The Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to examine the roles of physicochemical factors in driving community structure and diversity of soil bacteria.【Result】After the conversion from forestland to tea garden,contents of soil organic matter,alkalized-N,available K and available Fe were significantly decreased in ZC3,while soil bulk density was increased.Comparing with ZC3,contents of soil organic matter,alkalized-N,available P and available Fe were increased significantly in ZC30,while pH was decreased significantly.The soil bacterial community diversity was in the order of CK>ZC30>ZC3.Compared with the forestland (CK),soil bacterial diversity in ZC3 was significantly decreased.The bacteria species were very abundant in different soil samples,and there were 29 phyla,60 classes,79 orders,186 families and 421 genera.At the phylum level,the dominant phyla were Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidete,Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria,with relative abundance of 93.5%-98.9%.At the genus level,Faecalibacterium,Bacteroides,Prevotella,Escherichia,Gp2 and Gp1 were predominant.The dominant bacteria were affected by sampling types and soil depths.In the depth of 0-20 cm,Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the forestland,while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the tea gardens.Dominate bacteria at genus level were Gp2 and Gp1 in the forestland,and they were significantly decreased after the conversion to tea garden.Faecalibacterium,Bacteroides,Prevotella and Escherichia were the dominant bacteria at genus level in ZC30.The Pearson correlation analysis and RDA showed that soil bulk density,soil organic matter and soil alkalized N were the main factors affecting soil bacterial community composition and alpha diversity with the importance order of soil bulk density>soil organic matter>soil alkalized-N.【Conclusion】The conversion of forestland to tea garden significantly changed soil physicochemical properties,bacteria diversity and community structure.The soil bacterial diversity was significantly decreased in the beginning of cultivation,but it improved gradually with the increase of tea plantation age. |
| Key words: reclamation of forestland tea garden soil soil bacteria community structure soil bacterial diversity high throughput sequencing technique |
