| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究土壤盐碱度和留茬高度对苜蓿农艺性状及干草品质的影响，为河套盐碱地区优质草饲“收-加-贮”产业技术提供科学依据。【方法】以非盐碱（S1）、轻度盐碱（S2）、中度盐碱（S3）和重度盐碱（S4）地种植的翌年第一茬初花期（10%植株开花）紫花苜蓿进行刈割，设置0～2 cm（H1），2～6 cm（H2）及6～11 cm（H3）3个留茬高度，针对土壤盐碱度及留茬高度两个因素设计试验，对不同处理苜蓿的农艺性状（鲜草产量、干草产量、鲜干比、茎叶比）及干草的营养指标（干物质（DM）、粗蛋白（CP）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、相对饲用价值（RFV））进行分析。【结果】随着土壤盐碱度的增加，紫花苜蓿的鲜草产量、干草产量、茎叶比、DM和CP含量及RFV值逐渐降低，S1处理的鲜草产量、干草产量、DM和CP含量及RFV均显著高于S2和S3处理（P<0.05），但ADF和NDF均显著低于S2和S3处理（P<0.05）；随着留茬高度的增加，苜蓿鲜草产量和干草产量呈升高趋势，H3处理鲜草产量和干草产量均显著高于H1和H2处理（P<0.05）；H1处理的鲜干比和茎叶比最高，且其DM含量和RFV值也显著高于H2和H3处理（P<0.05），但ADF和NDF显著低于H2和H3处理（P<0.05），CP含量以H3处理最高；土壤盐碱度和留茬高度的交互作用显著影响了苜蓿的农艺性状和干草品质，S1H1、S1H2、S2H1和S2H2处理的农艺性状和干草品质较好，显著高于其他处理（P<0.05）。【结论】综合土壤盐碱度和留茬高度两个因素，紫花苜蓿可以在内蒙古河套轻度盐碱地种植，0～2 cm和2～6 cm是该地区紫花苜蓿适宜的留茬高度。 |
| 关键词: 苜蓿 农艺性状 干草品质 土壤盐碱度 留茬高度 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（31572461）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0501308）；国家牧草产业技术体系项目（CARS-34）；内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“内蒙河套地区盐碱地苜蓿加工调制技术集成与产业化示范” |
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| Effects of soil salinity and stubble height on agronomical characteristics and hay quality of alfalfa |
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YU Haoran,JIA Yushan,LIU Yinghao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored the effects of soil salinity and stubble height on alfalfa agronomical characteristics and hay quality to provide scientific basis for “harvest add store” industrial technology of high quality forage in Hetao saline alkaline land.【Method】The alfalfa grown in non (S1), light (S2),medium (S3) and severe (S4) saline-alkali soil was mowed at the first flowering stage (10% plants flowering) in the second year and three stubble heights of 0―2 cm (H1),2―6 cm (H2) and 6―11 cm (H3) were set.Focusing on soil salinity and stubble height,the agronomical characteristics (fresh forage yield,hay forage yield,fresh dry ratio and stem leaf ratio) and nutrient indexes (dry matter (DM),crude protein (CP),acid detergent fiber (ADF),neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and relative feeding value (RFV)) of alfalfa were analyzed.【Result】With the increase of soil salinity and alkalinity,fresh forage yield,hay forage yield,stem-leaf ratio,DM and CP contents and RFV value of alfalfa decreased gradually.Fresh grass yield,hay forage yield,DM and CP contents and RFV value of S1 treatment were significantly higher than those of S2 and S3 treatments (P<0.05),while ADF and NDF values were significantly lower than those of S2 and S3 treatments (P<0.05).With the increase of stubble height,alfalfa yield of fresh forage and hay forage increased.Alfalfa yield of fresh forage and hay forage in H3 treatment was significantly higher than those in H1 and H2 treatments (P<0.05).The fresh dry ratio and stem leaf ratio of H1 treatment were the highest,and their DM content and RFV value were significantly higher than those of H2 and H3 treatments (P<0.05),but the ADF and NDF values were significantly lower than those of H2 and H3 treatments (P<0.05).The CP content of H3 treatment was the highest.The interaction between soil salinity and stubble height significantly affected agronomical characteristics and hay quality of alfalfa.The agronomical characteristics and hay forage quality of S1H1,S1H2,S2H1 and S2H2 treatments were better than those of other treatments (P<0.05).【Conclusion】Combining soil salinity and stubble height,alfalfa can be planted in light saline alkali land in Hetao,Inner Mongolia.The stubble height of 0―2 cm and 2―6 cm were recommended. |
| Key words: alfalfa agronomical characteristics hay quality soil salinity stubble height |
