| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究生物炭对氮肥硝化过程中硝态氮、铵态氮含量及N2O、NH3排放的影响，为提高肥料氮的利用率、减少氮损失提供参考。【方法】在陕西关中地区，采集小麦 玉米轮作大田耕层0~20 cm土壤，采用室内培养试验，在供试土娄土中分别添加麦秸和烟秆生物炭，同时施用氮肥尿素，施氮量90 kg/hm2，每种生物炭添加量设3个水平（0（对照）和15，30 Mg/hm2），试验共计6个处理，测定尿素硝化过程中不同处理土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量以及N2O、NH3排放通量的动态变化。【结果】与对照相比，添加两种生物炭均可以降低土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量，显著抑制尿素的硝化作用，其中高量麦秸生物炭的抑制作用更明显，烟秆生物炭较麦秸生物炭的抑制作用更强。添加烟秆生物炭和麦秸生物炭均可以增加尿素硝化过程中N2O排放通量以及总排放量，而且高量烟秆生物炭处理的N2O总排放量显著高于低量烟秆生物炭处理。与对照相比，两种生物炭之间NH3总排放量无显著变化，表明土娄土中添加生物炭对尿素硝化过程中氨的挥发无显著影响。【结论】在土娄土中施用生物炭有增加温室气体N2O排放的风险，建议采用改性生物炭或采取相应的其他措施减少N2O的排放。 |
| 关键词: 生物炭 土娄土 氮肥硝化 硝化作用 氨挥发 |
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| 基金项目:国家大学生创新训练计划项目(S201710712069);国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0800105） |
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| Impact of wheat straw and tobacco straw biochar on nitrification of nitrogenous fertilizer and emission of N2O and NH3 |
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WU Yujie,SUN Yajiao,GUO Xinye,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effects of biochar on contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and emissions of N2O and NH3 during nitrification of nitrogen fertilizer were studied to provide reference for improving utilization rate of fertilizer nitrogen and reducing nitrogen loss.【Method】In Guanzhong area of Shaanxi,soil at depth of 0－20 cm was collected in the field of wheat-maize rotation for laboratory incubation experiment.Wheat straw biochar and tobacco straw biochar were added to soil,and nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 90 kg/hm2.Three levels (0(control),15 and 30 Mg/hm2) were set for each biochar addition with a total of six treatments.The contents of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen and the fluxes of N2O and NH3 were measured during urea nitrification.【Result】Compared with the control,the addition of biochar reduced the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil and significantly inhibited the nitrification of urea.The inhibition of high wheat straw biochar was more significant,and the inhibition of tobacco straw biochar was stronger than that of wheat straw biochar.Adding tobacco biochar and wheat straw biochar increased N2O emission flux in urea nitrification process and total emission,and the total N2O emission of high tobacco biochar treatment was significantly higher than that of low tobacco biochar treatment.Compared with the control,the total NH3 emissions of the two biochar applications did not change significantly,indicating that the addition of biochar in loess soil had no significant effect on ammonia volatilization during urea nitrification.【Conclusion】Applying biochar to soil had the risk of increasing emissions of N2O,and it is suggested to adopt modified biochar or take other measures to reduce N2O emissions. |
| Key words: biochar loess soil nitrification of nitrogen nitrification ammonia volatilization |
