| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同秸秆生物炭对黄壤物理、化学性质和生物活性影响的差异，并对添加不同生物炭的黄壤肥力进行综合评价，以期为土壤改良和秸秆资源的合理利用提供理论参考。【方法】以玉米、水稻和油菜秸秆500 ℃炭化得到的生物炭为添加材料，以贵州省地带性黄壤为供试土壤，通过室内培养试验，以未添加生物炭处理为对照，分析比较添加量为1%，2%，4%的玉米、水稻和油菜秸秆生物炭处理黄壤体积质量、pH、养分含量和酶活性的变化，通过相关性分析和模糊数学原理计算不同生物炭处理黄壤的综合肥力水平。【结果】与对照相比，生物炭降低了0～10 cm土层土壤的体积质量，其中0～5 cm土层降幅较大（1.54%～8.46%）。添加生物炭使土壤pH明显增大，其中以添加4%油菜秸秆生物炭处理的pH最大，为7.33。土壤有机质、氮磷钾含量对生物炭类型及添加量的响应不同。与对照相比，不同生物炭处理有机质含量增加了146.80%～445.63%；添加4%油菜秸秆生物炭可以显著提高土壤的碱解N含量，较对照升高了31.23%；有效P、速效K和全N、全P、全K含量均随着生物炭添加量的增加而增大，增幅分别为28.04%～134.58%，19.76%～162.48%，13.85%～112.31%，6.25%～43.75%和10.53%～31.58%。与对照相比，添加生物炭可以显著降低土壤的过氧化氢酶活性，提高脲酶、蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶活性。由土壤肥力综合指标值（IFI）可知，不同生物炭处理土壤的IFI值为46.09～59.55，均高于对照（IFI 40.11），且IFI随着生物炭添加量的增大而升高，油菜秸秆生物炭处理的土壤肥力水平优于玉米和水稻秸秆生物炭处理。【结论】生物炭对酸性黄壤的体积质量、pH、养分含量和酶活性均具有明显影响，且生物炭类型及其添加量对以上指标的影响存在明显差异。生物炭能明显提高黄壤肥力水平，其中添加4%油菜秸秆生物炭是提高酸性黄壤肥力水平的最优处理。 |
| 关键词: 黄壤土 作物秸秆 生物炭 综合肥力 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:铜仁学院博士科研启动基金项目（trxyDH1702）；铜仁市科学技术局科技计划面上项目(2017TRS19949) |
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| Effect of straw biochar on yellow soil physicochemical properties and comprehensive fertility |
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XING Cunfang,XING Cunfang,Deng Xiaomei,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of different straw biochar on physicochemical properties and biological activities of yellow soil as well as the comprehensive fertility to provide information for soil amelioration and proper management of straw residue.【Method】The experimental soil was zonal yellow soil in Guizhou.Through a laboratory cultivate experiment,the effects of corn,rice and rape straw biochar (1%,2% and 4%) pyrolyzed at 500 ℃ on soil bulk density,pH,nutrient content and enzyme activities were investigated with the control without biochar.The comprehensive fertility levels of different yellow soil treatments were also calculated by correlation analysis and fuzzy mathematics theory.【Result】The soil bulk density (0-10 cm) was reduced after biochar addition,and the drop in 0 to 5 cm soil layer was bigger (1.54%-8.46%) compared to control.Soil pH was increased significantly after biochar addition and pH of 4% rape straw biochar was the largest (7.33).The soil organic matter content was increased by 146.80%-445.63% compared with control.The contents of soil organic matter,N,P,and K had different responses to biochar type and addition amount.The 4% rape straw biochar addition significantly increased the content of soil available N by 31.23%.The contents of available P,available K and total N,total P and total K were increased with increase of biochar addition.The increasing ranges were 28.04%-134.58%,19.76-162.48%,13.85%-112.31%,13.85%-43.75% and 10.53%-31.58%,respectively.Biochar addition significantly reduced catalase activity and increased activities of urease, invertase and neutral phosphatase compared with control with increases of 5.0%-30.0%,26.6%-341.0%,5.5%-104.3% and 33.3%-433.3%,respectively.The comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility showed that IFI values of different biochar controls were 46.09-59.55,all higher than control (IFI 40.11).IFI values increased with biochar addition,and the soil fertility level of rape straw biochar was better than that of corn and rice straw biochar.【Conclusion】Biochar addition had significant effect on acid yellow soil bulk density,pH,nutrient content and enzyme activities and there was significant differences among indexes.Biochar significantly increased yellow soil fertility levels,and 4% of rape straw biochar addition was the best. |
| Key words: yellow soil crop straw biochar comprehensive fertility |
