| 摘要: |
| 【目的】用不同砧木苹果盆栽嫁接苗进行干旱试验，以筛选出干旱条件下矿质养分高效吸收利用的砧木。【方法】以不同砧木（G11、G30、Gx、G935、Pajam2、Pajam1、T337、M9、M26和G41）的1年生“蜜脆”苹果嫁接苗为材料，研究2种水分（正常供水和中度干旱）条件下，不同砧木对“蜜脆”生物量积累、叶片养分（N、K、P、Ca和Mg）含量、植株养分积累及利用的影响。【结果】（1）与正常供水（对照）相比，干旱胁迫后，以T337为砧木的“蜜脆”苹果嫁接苗净生物量和相对生长速率下降幅度最小，分别降低64.26%和50.12%；以Pajam2为砧木的“蜜脆”苹果嫁接苗下降幅度最大，分别降低91.76%和86.51%。（2）与对照相比，“蜜脆”苹果嫁接苗叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量受干旱胁迫影响下降幅度较大的砧木依次为G935（-9.33%）、M9（-35.70%）、G41（-27.59%）、G11（-29.63%）和G30（-24.07%）；而以M26为砧木的“蜜脆”苹果嫁接苗叶片养分含量变化幅度较小。（3）与对照相比，干旱胁迫后，以Pajam2为砧木的“蜜脆”苹果嫁接苗N、P、K、Ca、Mg吸收通量下降幅度均最大，分别降低94.97%，95.97%，95.09%，94.62%和95.04%；而以M26和T337为砧木的“蜜脆”苹果嫁接苗养分吸收通量下降幅度较小。（4）与对照相比，干旱降低了大多数“蜜脆”苹果嫁接苗的N、Ca、Mg利用效率，下降幅度最大的砧木依次是Pajam1（-10.75%）、M9（-23.07%）和M9（-23.43%），而提高了植株的P、K利用效率，上升幅度最大的砧木依次是Gx（36.61%）和G41（20.92%）。【结论】不同砧木“蜜脆”苹果嫁接苗对干旱胁迫的响应程度不同，并且在干旱条件下具有不同的养分吸收利用能力。干旱条件下，以M26、Gx和T337为砧木的“蜜脆”苹果苗养分吸收利用能力较强，而以G11、G41和M9为砧木的“蜜脆”苹果苗养分吸收利用能力较弱。 |
| 关键词: 苹果砧木 干旱胁迫 果树营养 “蜜脆”苹果 |
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| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项“苹果酪氨酸脱羧酶基因MdTYDC在响应干旱中的功能研究”（2452017065）；国家苹果产业技术体系项目“育种方法与抗性育种”（CARS-27）；西北农林科技大学博士科研启动项目“多巴胺对苹果抗旱性的调控及作用机理研究”（2452016181） |
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| Effects of different rootstocks on nutrient absorption and utilization of “Honey Crisp” apple seedlings under drought stress |
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ZHAO Qi,ZHANG Zhijun,LI Chao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】“Honey Crisp” seedlings grafted on different apple rootstocks were tested under drought conditions to screen rootstocks for efficient absorption and utilization of mineral nutrients.【Method】One-year old “Honey Crisp” seedlings grafted on G11,G30,Gx,G935,Pajam2,Pajam1,T337,M9,M26 and G41 were used to investigate effects of rootstocks on biomass accumulation,leaf nutrients (N,K,P,Ca and Mg) contents,nutrient absorption and utilization.【Result】(1) Compared with the control,the net biomass and relative growth rate of plants grafted on T337 decreased the least of 64.26% and 50.12% under the drought stress,respectively.The decreases of the Pajam2 were the largest of 91.76% and 86.51%,respectively.(2) Compared with the control,the plants with large decreases of N,P,K,Ca and Mg contents were G935 (-9.33%),M9 (-35.70%),G41 (-27.59%),G11 (-29.63%) and G30 (-24.07%).Plants on M26 had small changes in nutrients.(3) Under drought stress,the absorption fluxes of N,P,K,Ca and Mg of the plants grafted on Pajam2 decreased the most by 94.97%,95.97%,95.09%,94.62% and 95.04%,respectively.The nutrient absorption fluxes of plants on M26 and T337 decreased less.(4) Compared with the control,drought reduced N, Ca and Mg utilization efficiency of most plants,and the largest declines were on plants grafted on Pajam1 (-10.75%),M9 (-23.07%) and M9 (-23.43%).The utilization efficiency of P and K increased with the largest increase on Gx (36.61%) and G41 (20.92%).【Conclusion】Under drought conditions,“Honey Crisp” seedlings grafted on different apple rootstocks had different drought resistance,and different mineral nutrient absorption and utilization ability.Seedlings grafted on M26,Gx and T337 had high ability of absorption and utilization of mineral nutrients,while those on G41,G11 and M9 had low ability. |
| Key words: apple rootstock drought stress fruit nutrition “Honey Crisp” apple |
