| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对不同生长期铁核桃雄花的营养价值和抗氧化能力进行分析，为铁核桃雄花资源的开发利用提供参考。【方法】以‘黔核7号’铁核桃盛果期（36年）和初果期（4年）的雄花为试材，测定其干物质、粗蛋白、脂肪、可溶性糖、淀粉、粗纤维、灰分含量和可利用能量等8种常规营养成分指标及P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B等9种矿质元素含量,分析其氨基酸组成及抗坏血酸、总酚、总黄酮等3种抗氧化活性物质含量和抗氧化能力（DPPH自由基清除能力和Fe离子还原能力）。【结果】不同生长期铁核桃雄花营养成分及抗氧化能力明显不同，随着生长期的延长，盛果期铁核桃雄花中的干物质、粗蛋白、脂肪、可溶性糖、淀粉、可利用能量等常规营养成分含量增加，与初果期雄花差异显著，其中脂肪含量（135.9 g/kg）较初果期雄花高近50%。盛果期铁核桃雄花的K、Zn含量显著高于初果期雄花，但Fe、Mn、Cu含量及抗坏血酸、总酚、总黄酮含量和抗氧化能力均显著低于初果期雄花。铁核桃雄花中富含17种氨基酸，其中包括9种人体必需氨基酸，盛果期铁核桃雄花中的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量均明显高于初果期雄花。【结论】盛果期和初果期‘黔核7号’雄花可分别作为常规产品和保健型产品进行开发利用。 |
| 关键词: 铁核桃 核桃雄花 核桃营养 抗氧化能力 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目（黔科合人才(2016)4038）；贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目（GNYL［2017］009） |
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| Nutritional value and antioxidant activity of walnut (Juglans sigillata) male flowers at different growing periods |
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CHEN Jing,WANG Changlei,ZHANG Wene,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The nutritional value and antioxidant activity of walnut male flowers in different growing periods were analyzed to provide reference for development and utilization of walnut male flower resources.【Method】The contents of 8 conventional nutrients including dry matter,crude protein,fat,soluble sugar,starch,crude fiber,ash content and available energy,as well as 9 mineral elements including P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and B of walnut male flowers of ‘Qianhe 7’ (Juglans sigillata) harvested at full fruit period (FFP,about 36 years old) and primary fruit period (PFP,about 4 years old) were determined.The composition of amino acids,as well as contents of 3 antioxidant activity substances including ascorbic acid,total phenols and total flavonoids and antioxidant capacities (DPPH free radical scavenging ability and FRAP iron reduction ability) were also analyzed.【Result】The nutritional components and antioxidant capacities of walnut male flowers in different growing periods were significantly different.Conventional nutrient contents,such as dry matter,crude protein,fat,soluble sugar,starch and available energy of walnut male flowers in FFP were significantly higher than those in PFP.Especially the fat content in FFP was 50% higher than that in PFP.The contents of K and Zn in FFP were significantly higher than those in PFP,but the contents of Fe,Mn,Cu,ascorbic acid,total phenols,and total flavonoids as well as antioxidant activities in FFP were significantly lower than those in PFP.Walnut male flowers were rich in 17 amino acids,including 9 essential amino acids.The contents of total amino acid and essential amino acid of walnut male flowers in FFP were higher than those in PFP.【Conclusion】The walnut male flowers of ‘Qianhe 7’ in FFP and PFP can developed as conventional products and health products,respectively. |
| Key words: Juglans sigillata walnut male flowers walnut nutrition antioxidant activity |
