| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究有机肥与化肥配施对玉米生长和土壤无机氮含量的影响，筛选适合玉米生长的施肥处理，为玉米农田生产力提升和氮肥过量的污染控制提供参考。【方法】试验共设置A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H 8个处理，分别为不施肥（对照）、施用100%化肥（N 0.20 g/kg，P2O5 0.10 g/kg，K2O 0.10 g/kg)、施用80%化肥、施用50%化肥、施用50%化肥+50%猪粪、施用50%化肥+50%蚯蚓粪、施用扩蓄增容肥（N 0.20 g/kg，P2O5 0.13 g/kg，K2O 0.10 g/kg）、施用玉米专用肥（N 0.20 g/kg，P2O5 0.04 g/kg，K2O 0.03 g/kg），其中B、C、D处理为减氮处理，B、E、F、G、H处理为等氮(施氮量均为0.20 g/kg)处理，采用盆栽试验，于拔节期和大喇叭口期采集玉米地上部、根部样品及土样，测定并分析玉米生长性状及土壤无机氮含量，探究减氮及等氮条件下不同施肥处理对玉米生长及土壤养分的影响。【结果】盆栽条件下，施氮量为0.20 g/kg时，减氮50%～80%不会显著影响拔节期和大喇叭口期玉米的生长。在玉米拔节期和大喇叭口期，等氮条件下猪粪、蚯蚓粪与化肥配合施用处理的玉米株高、叶片SPAD值、地上部干质量、根系干质量、根系表面积、根系体积、根系活力、根系长度均较高；而土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量整体呈波动下降趋势。【结论】盆栽条件下，各减氮处理均未显著影响玉米大部分生长性状及土壤无机氮含量，揭示减氮对玉米生产是可行的，且以猪粪、蚯蚓粪与化肥配施效果较好。 |
| 关键词: 玉米 生长性状 肥料配比 有机肥 蚯蚓粪 土壤无机氮 关中灌区 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD22B02）；国家自然科学基金项目（41571245） |
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| Effect of substituting chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on maize in Guanzhong irrigation region |
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KANG Ming,TIAN Haixia,WANG Wei,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effect of organic and chemical fertilizer applications on growth of maize and inorganic nitrogen content was studied and fertilizer treatments suitable for maize growth were screened to provide reference for improvement of maize farmland productivity and nitrogen pollution control.【Method】Eight treatments were set up:A no fertilization (control),B application of 100% chemical fertilizer (N 0.20 g/kg,P2O5 0.10 g/kg,and K2 O 0.10 g/kg),C application of 80% chemical fertilizer,D application of 50% chemical fertilizer,E application of 50% chemical fertilizer +50% pig manure,F application of 50% chemical fertilizer +50% wormcast,G application of soil amendment fertilizer (N 0.20 g/kg,P2O5 0.13 g/kg,and K2O 0.10 g/kg) and H application of maize specific fertilizer (N 0.20 g/kg,P2O5 0.04 g/kg,and K2O 0.03 g/kg).B,C and D were nitrogen reduction treatments,while B,E,F,G and H were equal nitrogen treatments,and the nitrogen application was 0.20 g/kg.The shoot and root growth characters of maize in pot experiment and soil inorganic nitrogen contents were collected at jointing stage and big trumpet stage.Then,the effects of reduced nitrogen and equal nitrogen treatments on maize growth and soil inorganic nitrogen content were analyzed.【Result】With the nitrogen application of 0.20 g/kg,nitrogen reduction of 50%-80% did not significantly affect the growth of maize at the jointing stage and the big trumpet stage.Under equal nitrogen conditions,pig manure and wormcast with chemical fertilizer treatments in the jointing stage and the big trumpet stage,the plant height,leaf SPAD value,shoot dry weight,root dry weight,root surface area,root volume,root activity and root length were all high.Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents in the jointing stage and the big trumpet stage showed a fluctuating downward trend. 【Conclusion】Under pot experiment,nitrogen reduction treatments had no significant effect on the growth characters of maize and soil inorganic nitrogen content,indicated that reducing nitrogen was feasible for maize production.Application of pig manure and wormcast with chemical fertilizers had better effects. |
| Key words: maize growth characters fertilizer ratio organic fertilizer wormcast soil inorganic nitrogen Guzhong irrigation region |
