| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究糯玉米用作青贮饲料的可行性，为糯玉米全株青贮饲料化利用提供参考。【方法】以糯玉米（京科糯2000、黑糯1号、黑糯191）、粮饲兼用型玉米（郑单958、先玉335、浚单20）、青贮专用型玉米（北青210、曲辰九号、50096×50923）为材料，通过2年田间试验,对不同类型玉米散粉后的生物产量和干物质积累规律及全株含水量变化规律进行研究，确定适宜收获期。然后收获全株制作青贮饲料，测定全株青贮饲料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量，用饲料相对值（RFV）和品质分级指数（GI）对粗饲料品质进行分析，并通过相关分析和通径分析筛选影响生物产量的关键农艺性状，再对这些关键农艺性状与青贮饲料品质进行相关分析。【结果】在散粉后42 d时，3种类型玉米的全株含水量为700 g/kg左右（均处于1/4~3/4乳线期），因此将散粉后42 d确定为最适收获期。利用GI对各品种玉米全株青贮饲料综合品质分析表明：糯玉米青贮饲料均为2级，粮饲兼用型玉米和青贮专用型玉米中各有2个2级。说明糯玉米饲用价值优于粮饲兼用型玉米和青贮专用型玉米。相关分析表明：增加穗位高，可以提高糯玉米的生物产量，降低糯玉米全株青贮饲料的NDF含量，提高动物采食量。【结论】将糯玉米收获全株制作青贮饲料是可行的，要获得高产优质的青贮用糯玉米，可以在抗倒伏的前提下对穗位高进行选择。 |
| 关键词: 糯玉米 全株青贮饲料 收获期 生物产量 饲料品质 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省玉米工程技术研究中心项目(2017SXGVZX-01) |
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| Characteristics and comprehensive quality of whole plant silage of waxy corn |
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WANG Yunyun,YANG Yinfu,LIN Chongming,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored the feasibility of using waxy corn as silage to provide reference for the utilization of whole plant waxy corn silage.【Method】Maize varieties including waxy maize (Jingkenuo 2000,Heinuo 1,and Heinuo 191),foodstuff type maize (Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 335,and Xundan 20),and silage type maize (Beiqing 210,Quchen 9,and 50096×50923) were selected for analyzing the accumulation of biological yield and dry matter as well as the whole plant moisture content after pollination through two-year field experiments.The optimum harvest period was determined.Then,the whole plant was harvested to produce silage,and the contents of dry matter,crude protein,crude fat,NDF and ADF were measured,and RFV and GI were used to analyze the comprehensive quality of ensilage.Finally,the key index of biological yield was screened by correlation and path analysis,and the correlation of the key index and quality was analyzed.【Result】The whole plant moisture content of all three types was about 700 g/kg (in the 1/4-3/4 milk line) 42 days after pollination.Thus,the optimum harvest time was determined as 42 days.GI analysis demonstrated that waxy corn silages were all grade 2 while foodstuff type corn and silage type corn each had two varieties in grade 2.It illustrates that the nutritive value of waxy maize was better than foodstuff type and silage type.Correlation analysis of key index and quality showed that increasing ear height can improve the biological yield while decrease the content of NDF of waxy maize,so as to improve the intake of animal.【Conclusion】This study shows that it is feasible to harvest waxy maize for producing silage and selecting the ear height in the premise of lodging resistance can obtain waxy maize silage with high yield and quality. |
| Key words: waxy maize whole plant silage harvest time biological yield forage quality |
