| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同氮、磷配比对药用植物膜荚黄芪生长和黄芪甲苷积累的影响，为延安地区黄芪施肥和品质评价提供参考。【方法】采用田间试验设置不同氮磷施肥配比，共设10个处理，分别为N0P0（对照）、N1P1、N1P2、N1P3、N2P1、N2P2、N2P3、N3P1、N3P2、N3P3(N0、N1、N2、N3分别表示施用0，120，150和180 kg/hm2尿素；P0、P1、P2、P3分别表示施用0，450，600和750 kg/hm2过磷酸钙)，测定不同处理黄芪茎直径、株高、冠幅、根长、根直径和干物质积累，衡量黄芪生长状况；同时测定不同处理黄芪水分、灰分、水溶性浸出物、醇溶性浸出物和黄芪甲苷含量，探讨施肥对黄芪品质的影响。【结果】不同氮、磷配比对黄芪生长各指标影响不同。茎直径的适宜施肥方案为N2P1和N3P1处理，而N1P3和N2P3处理的株高、冠幅、根长和根直径等指标响应最优。N1P3处理黄芪终极生长量最高，较对照N0P0增加24.87%；N2P1和N2P3处理次之，对照最低。各施肥处理干物质累积总量比对照增加18.18%~70.06%，平均增加44.12%。施氮量为120和150 kg/hm2时，施磷量对黄芪水分含量的影响总体表现为：450 kg/hm2＞600 kg/hm2＞750 kg/hm2，但水分含量对氮肥响应不明显；灰分含量总体随氮磷肥施用的增加而降低；在施氮量为120~150 kg/hm2时，水溶性浸出物、醇溶性浸出物和黄芪甲苷含量总体随施磷量的增大而升高，施氮量高于150 kg/hm2时，随施磷量的升高而降低；在N1P3和N2P3施肥水平下，黄芪甲苷含量分别较对照组提高了36.36%和48.48%。【结论】合理配施氮磷肥可促进黄芪生长、干物质积累和品质提高，且以N1P3和N2P3处理效果较佳。 |
| 关键词: 施肥 膜荚黄芪 生长发育 干物质积累 黄芪品质 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家科技部“十二五”科技支撑项目（2015BAC01B03） |
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| Effects of fertilization on growth,dry matter accumulation and quality of Astragalus membranaceus |
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PENG Yuting,LI Yingying,BIAN Xiaoyu,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus ratios on growth of Astragalus membranaceus and accumulation of astragaloside were studied to provide reference for its fertilization and quality evaluation in Yan’an,Shaanxi.【Method】A total of 10 treatments including N0P0 (control),N1P1,N1P2,N1P3,N2P1,N2P2,N2P3,N3P1,N3P2 and N3P3 were set up in field experiments.N0,N1,N2 and N3 indicate that the application rates of urea nitrogen are 0,120,150 and 180 kg/hm2,and P0,P1,P2 and P3 represent that the application rates of superphosphate are 0,450,600 and 750 kg/hm2.The stem diameter,plant height,crown width,root length,root diameter and dry matter accumulation of plants were measured and moisture,ash,water-soluble extract,alcohol-soluble extract and astragaloside content were determined to study the effects on Astragalus membranaceus.【Result】 Different nitrogen and phosphorus ratios had different effects on growth.Stem diameter reached the maximum under N2P1 and N3P1,while plant height,crown width,root length and root diameter were the best under N1P3 and N2P3.The limited growth amount of Astragalus membranaceus was the highest under N1P3,which was 24.87% more than the control group N0P0,followed by N2P1 and N3P1 treatments.The total dry matter accumulation of all fertilization treatments increased by 18.18%-70.06% with the average of 44.12% compared to the control group.The effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on water content of Astragalus membranaceus was in the order of 450 kg/hm2＞600 kg/hm2＞750 kg/hm2 when nitrogen fertilizer was 120-150 kg/hm2,while the response to nitrogen was not significant.Ash content increased with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus application.The contents of water soluble extracts,alcohol soluble extracts and astragaloside increased with the increase of phosphorus application when nitrogen fertilizer was 120-150 kg/hm2,but it decreased when nitrogen application rate was larger than 150 kg/hm2.The contents of astragaloside in N1P3 and N2P3 were 36.36% and 48.48% higher than the control group.【Conclusion】The combination of nitrogen and phosphorus application could promote quality and dry matter accumulation.The best treatments in this study were N1P3 and N2P3. |
| Key words: fertilization Astragalus membranaceus growth and development dry matter accumulation quality |
