| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析和评价陕西佛坪野生“刷把菌”子实体营养成分，为其野生资源的保护与开发利用提供参考。【方法】以陕西佛坪野生“刷把菌”子实体为对象，采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗多糖、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量，氨基酸自动分析仪测定氨基酸组成，电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定矿质元素含量；按照氨基酸评分（Amino acid score，AAS）、化学评分（Chemical score，CS）、必需氨基酸指数（Essential amino acid index，EAAI）和氨基酸比值系数分（Score of ratio coefficient of amino acid，SRCAA）标准对其营养品质进行评定，并与标准模式进行比较。【结果】陕西佛坪野生“刷把菌”子实体水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗多糖、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量分别为92.75%，14.32%，38.96%，24.90%，4.61%和9.21%（均为质量分数）。从子实体中共检测到17种氨基酸，总氨基酸含量为44.90 g/hg，必需氨基酸为15.90 g/hg，占氨基酸总量的35.41%，必需氨基酸构成接近FAO/WHO模式；鲜味氨基酸含量为15.60 g/hg。其 AAS、CS、EAAI和SRCAA分别为0.98，0.67，0.95和74.59，其营养价值与人体所需营养水平较接近，是优质的蛋白源。子实体中的矿质元素Zn和Se含量分别为18.63，2.53 mg/hg，高于其他野生菌，未检测出Cd、Pb、As重金属元素。【结论】陕西佛坪野生“刷把菌”是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、富含矿物质的食用菌，具有较高的营养价值和保护开发价值。 |
| 关键词: “刷把菌” 食用菌 营养成分 矿物质元素 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省教育厅重点项目(13JS021)；陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目（2012HBGC-20，2016HBGC-07） |
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| Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in wild “Shuaba mushroom” in Foping,Shaanxi |
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HE Qiang,CHEN Wenqiang,XIE Xiuchao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study analyzed and evaluated the nutrient components of wild “Shuaba mushroom” in Foping,Shaanxi to provide reference for the protection and development of wild resources.【Method】The contents of moisture,ash,crude protein,crude polysaccharide,crude fat,and crude fiber of wild “Shuaba mushroom” in Foping,Shaanxi were determined by national standard methods.The amino acid composition was determined by amino acid automatic analyzer and the contents of mineral elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry.The amino acid score (AAS),chemical score (CS),essential amino acid index (EAAI) and score of ratio of amino acid (SRCAA) were used to evaluate the nutritional quality and the results were compared with the standard model.【Result】The moisture,ash,crude protein,crude polysaccharide,crude fat and crude fiber contents of wild “Shuaba mushroom” were 92.75%,14.32%,38.96%,24.90%,4.61% and 9.21%（mass fraction）,respectively.There were 17 amino acids in wild “Shuaba mushroom” with the total amino acid (TAA) content of 44.90 g/hg and the essential amino acid (EAA) of 15.90 g/hg,accounting for 35.41% of the TAA content.The EAA composition was close to FAO/WHO model,and content of delicious amino acids was 15.60 g/hg.The AAS,CS,EAAI and SRCAA were 0.98,0.67,0.95 and 74.59,and its nutritional value was close to the nutritional level required by human body as a good protein source.The contents of mineral elements Zn and Se were 18.63 mg/hg and 2.53 mg/hg,higher than other wild bacteria.Cd,Pb,and As were not detected.【Conclusion】“Shuaba mushroom” in Foping,Shaanxi is a wild edible mushroom with high protein,low fat,and rich polysaccharide and minerals,indicating high nutritional value and merit of exploitation and utilization. |
| Key words: “Shuaba mushroom” edible fungi nutritional components mineral elements |
