| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确西伯利亚杏(Armeniaca sibirica (L.)Lam)花表型性状、花粉特性、雌蕊发育程度的变异特点和规律。【方法】以从13个种源地共筛选出的256份种质资源为材料，对西伯利亚杏的花数量性状（花长、花冠径、花瓣长、花瓣宽、雄蕊个数、雄蕊长、雌蕊长、花粉量、花粉活力）和质量性状（花瓣颜色、花萼颜色、花瓣形状、花瓣状态、花瓣类别）以及雌蕊发育程度进行调查，了解花数量性状变异规律，并对花表型性状与花粉特性以及雌蕊发育程度与坐果率的相关性进行分析。【结果】西伯利亚杏花数量性状存在丰富的遗传变异，数量性状的变异系数均值为19.77%，其中花粉量的变异系数最大(41.41%)，雄蕊个数的变异系数最小(10.26%)。花长、花冠径、花瓣长、花瓣宽、雄蕊长、雌蕊长、花粉量及花粉活力均服从正态分布，雄蕊个数不完全符合正态分布。78.57%的样本花粉量12 290.00～40 101.00粒/朵，42.86%的样本花粉活力大于50%。西伯利亚杏的雌蕊败育率极低，具有巨大的丰产潜力，86.4%的西伯利亚杏完全花比例高于50%，随着完全花比例的增加，坐果率总体呈先上升后下降趋势。完全花比例与花长、花冠径、花瓣长、花瓣宽、雌蕊长呈显著或极显著正相关，在方位上表现为中>南>东>西>北，在层次上表现为中>上>下。西伯利亚杏花主要性状描述特征为：花瓣白色或浅粉红色；花瓣圆形或卵圆形；花萼红褐色或紫红色，极少数为绿色；花瓣状态平；花单瓣，鲜有重瓣。【结论】西伯利亚杏种质资源花数量性状变异程度高，存在丰富的多样性。 |
| 关键词: 西伯利亚杏 概率分级 雌蕊败育 花粉活力 花粉量 |
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| 基金项目:中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目（CAFYBB2017ZA004-4）；河南省林木种质资源普查项目 |
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| Flower phenotypic variations of germplasm resources of Siberian apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) |
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YIN Mingyu,ZHU Xuchun,LIU Huimin,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study was conducted to determine the variations and relationships in floral phenotypic traits, pollen and pistil development of Armeniaca sibirica in Nei Mongol.【Method】A total of 256 individuals from 13 A.sibirica provenances were selected and the floral quantitative traits (flower length,corolla diameter, petal length,petal width,stamen numbers,stamen length,c,pollen quantity and pollen viability),quantitative traits (petal color,calyx color,petal shape,petal smoothness and petal type) and pistil development degrees were surveyed.Then,the variations of quantitative traits，the correlations between floral phenotypic traits and pollen characteristics and between pistil development degree and fruit setting rate were analyzed.【Result】There were significant variations in floral quantitative traits.The average variation coefficient of quantitative traits was 19.77%,with the highest in pollen quantity (41.41%) and lowest in number of stamens (10.26%).The flower length,corolla diameter,petal length,petal width,stamen length,pistil length,quantity and viability of pollen obeyed the normal distribution,while the stamen numbers did not. The quantity of pollen ranged from 12 290.00 to 40 101.00 for 78.57% resources with 42.86% having pollen viability of higher than 50%.The rate of pistil abortion of A.sibirica was very low,but with great increasing potential.86.4% of resources had complete flower rate of higher than 50%,and the fruit setting rate generally increased at the first and then decreased with the increase of complete flower percentage.There were significant positive correlations among complete flower rate with flower length, corolla diameter,petal length,petal width and pistil length.The complete flower rates were in the order of middle>south>east>west>north spatially,and in the order of middle>upper>lower vertically.The main descriptive characters of A.sibirica were:white or light pink petals,round or ovoid petals,reddish brown or purplish red calyxes,very few green calyxes,flat petals smoothness,single flower,and few double flower.【Conclusion】There were high variation degree and rich diversity in floral quantitative traits of A.sibirica. |
| Key words: Armeniaca sibirica (L.) Lam probability grading pistil abortion pollen quantity pollen viability |
