| 摘要: |
| 【目的】选用关中灌区2种主推新机型与传统条播机进行播种后，比较小麦农艺和产量性状及其对籽粒品质的效应，筛选适宜关中麦区的高产播种方式。【方法】2013-2014年在关中中部的武功县，采用2BMG-4/6宽幅带状旋播机、2BJK-6型宽幅精量播种机和2BX-6普通条播机（对照）进行比较试验，并在泾阳县、扶风县、凤翔县和临潼区进行示范试验，测定不同播种方式下越冬期和拔节期群体数量和个体质量、产量及其结构、籽粒品质等指标，对其进行比较分析。【结果】不同播种方式下宽幅播种的基本苗和越冬总茎数均低于普通条播；宽幅播种的春季最高总茎数较对照提高3.0%～15.2%；拔节期宽幅播种的株高、单株Ⅰ级分蘖、Ⅱ级分蘖、单株次生根分别较对照增加3.9%～5.2%，2.8%～22.2%，22.7%～45.5%，1.3%～12.5%。2BMG-4/6在各点均显著增产，增产幅度在5.0%～15.0%；2BJK-6在武功和扶风较对照分别减产9.2%和5.4%，在凤翔和泾阳分别增产10.4%和8.6%。从产量结构看，宽幅播种的穗粒数和千粒质量分别较对照增加0.7%～16.3%和1.6%～8.6%；2BJK 6处理成穗数在泾阳和凤翔分别较对照增加6.1%，在武功、扶风和临潼分别较对照降低5.2%，5.2%和5.6%；2BMG 4/6处理成穗数在凤翔较对照显著增加，在其他各点与对照差异不显著。宽幅播种的功能叶净光合速率较对照提高7.7%～49.1%；籽粒容重、硬度、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值和吸水率差异不显著；面团稳定时间较对照增加22.9%～38.9%，面团拉伸面积较对照增加3.7%～13.9%，面团延展性较对照增加0.4%～2.9%。【结论】宽幅带状旋播可以显著提高返青期后个体质量和产量，可在一定程度上改善面团的稳定时间和拉伸特性，对产量的效应与品种类型、地力水平高低、相应栽培管理技术的实施质量有关，也与机型本身设计与小麦生长的农艺要求协调性有关。 |
| 关键词: 小麦 宽幅带状旋播 关中灌区 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:西北农林科技大学试验示范站(基地)科技创新与成果转化项目“小麦宽幅播种高产栽培技术集成与示范”；西北农林科技大学唐仲英专项；陕西省重大农技推广项目（2016ZDTG-01-02-02） |
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| Effect of wide strip rotary on yield and quality of wheat |
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ZHANG Rui,LI Shulin,WANG Rongcheng,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study screened suitable high yield sowing methods in Guanzhong by comparing sowing agronomic traits,yield,and grain quality of wheat sowed by two new and one traditional sowing models.【Method】The comparative study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 at Wugong,Shaanxi to compare 2BMG-4/6 of wide strip rotary seeding,2BJK-6 of wide precision seeding with 2BX 6 of ordinary drill seeding (control).Field study was also conducted in Jingyang,Fufeng,Fengxiang and Lintong,and population quantity,individual quality,yield,yield components and grain quality were measured and compared at wintering and jointing stages.【Result】The numbers of basic seedlings and stems at the overwintering stage under the wide strip rotary seeders were lower than under the control.The wide strip rotary seeders increased the number of total stems in spring by 3.9%-5.2%,Ⅰ-level tillering per plant by 2.8%-22.2%,Ⅱ-level tillering per plant by 22.7%-45.5%,and second root number per plant by 1.3%-12.5% at the jointing stage.The 2BMG-4/6 significantly increased yield by 5.0%-15.0% at different experimental points.The 2BJK-6 decreased yield by 9.2% and 5.4% at Wugong and Fufeng,whereas increased yield by 10.4% and 8.6% at Fengxiang and Jingyang,respectively.The grain numbers per spike and thousand kernel weights were 0.7%-16.3% and 1.6%-8.6% higher under wide strip rotary seeders than under the control.The 2BJK-6 increased ear number by 6.1% at Fengxiang and Jingyang,while decreased ear number by 5.2%,5.2%,and 5.6% at Wugong,Fufeng and Lintong,respectively.The 2BMG-4/6 significantly increased ear number without significant difference at other points.The wide strip rotary seeders increased photosynthetic rate of function leaves by 7.7%-49.1%.There was no significant difference in grain volume weight,grain hardness,protein content,wet gluten content,sedimentation value and water absorption between wide strip rotary seeders and the control.Dough stability time,dough tensile area and dough extensibility were increased by 22.9%-38.9%,3.7%-13.9% and 0.4%-2.9% higher under the wide strip rotary seeders.【Conclusion】Wide strip rotary planting significantly increased the quality and yield of individuals after reviving stage and improved the dough stability time and the dough tensile characteristics.The effect were related to variety type,fertility level,cultivation technique,mechanic design and wheat agronomic requirements. |
| Key words: wheat wide strip rotary planting Guanzhong irrigation area |
