| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对秦岭地区和内蒙古地区共47科129种植物进行了杀虫活性筛选，以期发现杀虫活性较强的植物，为开发植物源农药提供参考。【方法】制备129种供试植物的丙酮提取物。以粘虫3龄幼虫、小菜蛾3龄幼虫、玉米黄呆蓟马2龄若虫、麦长管蚜无翅成蚜为靶标，分别采用小叶碟添加法、浸叶法、改进浸叶法、浸虫浸液法对供试植物的丙酮提取物进行杀虫活性测定。【结果】在0.5 g/mL的供试剂量下，苍耳七、狭叶青海大戟、北芸香、竹灵消、蓼子朴、草地风毛菊等6种植物对粘虫3龄幼虫的24，48，72 h拒食率均在90%以上；苍耳七和狭叶青海大戟2种植物对粘虫3龄幼虫的72 h校正死亡率在75%以上；乳浆大戟、狭叶青海大戟、北芸香、草地风毛菊、毛裂蜂斗菜、蒲儿根、竹灵消和苍耳七等8种植物样品对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的72 h校正死亡率均在70%以上；毛细辛、大叶金丝桃、白毛山梅花、蒲儿根、山竹花等5种植物丙酮提取物对玉米黄呆蓟马2龄若虫的24 h校正死亡率均在50%以上。在0.3 g/mL的供试剂量下，秦岭冷杉、兴安胡枝子、骆驼蓬、田旋花、毛莲菜等5种植物提取物对麦长管蚜无翅成蚜的24 h校正死亡率均大于95%。【结论】蒲儿根、苍耳七、狭叶青海大戟等植物对不同供试昆虫表现出较好的毒杀或拒食活性，值得进一步研究。 |
| 关键词: 植物源农药 杀虫活性 丙酮提取物 |
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| 基金项目:国家高科技研究发展计划（863计划）项目“植物源农药创制与应用技术及成果示范推广”（2011AA10A202） |
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| Screening of the insecticidal activities of acetone extracts from 129 plants |
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SHEN Jing,ZHOU Yu,LI Yan,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Screening for the insecticidal activities of acetone extracts of 129 plants to explore botanical pesticides. 【Method】Acetone extracts of 129 plants were evaluated for insecticidal activities against the 3rd larvae of Mythimna separata W.and Plutella xylostella L.by a leaf dipping method, 2nd larvae of Anaphothrips obscurus by leaf immersion method and adult Sitobion avenae by leaf immersion method.【Result】At the concentration of 0.5 g/mL,six plants,Parnassia wightiana,Euphorbia kozlowii,Haplophyllum dauricum,Cynanchum inamoenum,Inula salsoloides and Saussurea amara showed strong antifeedant activities against the 3rd larvae of M.separata W.,with the antifeedant rate (24 h,48 h,72 h) above 90%.Parnassia wightiana and Euphorbia kozlowii showed obvious toxic activity against the 3rd larvae of M.separata W.,with the mortality rate (72 h) above 75.00%.Simultaneously,eight plants,Euphorbia esula,Senecio oldhamianus and Parnassia wightiana et al.showed obvious toxic activity against the 3rd larvae of P.xylostella L.,with the mortality rate (72 h) higher than 70.00%.In addition,five plant extracts from Asarum himalaicum,Hypericum prattii Hemsl.,Philadelphus incanus,Senecio oldhamianus and Disporum cantoniense showed obvious toxic activity against the 2nd larvae of A.obscurus.,with the mortality rate (24 h) above 50.00%.Meanwhile,another five kinds of plants which including Abies chensiensis,Lespedeza davurica,Peganum harmala,Convolvulus arvensis and Elephantopus mollis H.B.K.showed obvious toxic activity against adult of S.avenae,under the concentrotion of 0.3 g/mL,with mortality rate (24 h) higher than 95.00%.【Conclusion】The extracts from Senecio oldhamianus,Parnassia wightiana and Euphorbia kozlowii et al.exhibited remarkable insecticidal activities, and are worthy of further investigation. |
| Key words: botanical pesticide insecticidal activity acetone extracts |
