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密度对不同生态区马铃薯产量及块茎空间分布的影响
郑顺林1, 王良俊2, 万年鑫,等1
1.四川农业大学 农学院;2.眉山东坡区农业局
摘要:
【目的】探究群体密度对四川不同生态区马铃薯产量及空间分布的影响,为马铃薯机械化采收提供依据。【方法】以“川芋117”为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,分别在平原生态区(四川成都温江)和盆周山地生态区(四川雅安汉源)研究5个密度(分别为6,9,12,15,18万株/hm2)对马铃薯产量及其构成因素、块茎横向和纵向分布距离、不同质量块茎空间分布的影响。【结果】1)在试验密度范围内,平原生态区马铃薯产量与密度呈凸二次函数关系,在密度为15.75万株/hm2时产量最高;山地生态区马铃薯产量与密度呈递增的线性关系,在密度为18万株/hm2时产量最高。2)密度对两个生态区单薯质量影响较大,但提高产量的主攻方向不同,平原生态区以提高单株产量为核心,山地生态区则以提高群体产量为目标。3)随密度的增加,两个生态区马铃薯块茎在纵向分布距离的集中度降低,横向分布距离上的集中度增加,块茎平均纵向分布距离与密度呈正向递增的双曲线函数关系,平原生态区和山地生态区纵向分布距离的最大值分别为8.415 2和8.413 0 cm,差异不大;平均横向分布距离与密度呈正向递减的双曲线函数关系,平原生态区和山地生态区横向分布距离的最小值分别为8.766 6和8.544 1 cm。4)通过建立的单薯质量空间分布的人工神经网络模型(ANN)发现,密度主要影响80 g以上块茎的数量和空间分布情况;80 g以上块茎主要分布于纵向6~10 cm和横向12~20 cm的空间,且高密度下,80 g以上块茎的数量和横向分布范围显著降低。当横向分布距离大于20 cm时,平原生态区以40 g及以下块茎为主,山地生态区则以40~80 g块茎为主。【结论】改变密度能影响单位面积结薯数,从而有效控制块茎大小,最终影响块茎在纵向和横向分布距离上的集中程度。
关键词:  马铃薯  生态区  种植密度  空间分布  产量构成  人工神经网络
DOI:
分类号:
基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS20);四川省“十三·五”育种攻关及配套项目(2016NYZ0032,2016NYZ0051-5)
Effects of plant density on tuber yield and spatial distribution response of potato from different ecological regions in Sichuan
ZHENG Shunlin,WANG Liangjun,WAN Nianxin,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】This study explored the effects of density on potato spatial distribution and yield in different ecological regions to provide basis for mechanized harvesting of potato. 【Method】“Chuanyu 117” was planted in Wenjiang plain eco region and Hanyuan mountainous eco region with five plant densities (6,9,12,15,and 18×104 tubers/hm2) based on a randomized block design with three replicates each. 【Result】 1) Within tested densities,a convex quadratic curve relationship was found between potato tuber yield and density in plain eco-region.The highest yield was obtained when the density was 15.75×104 tubers per hectare.The yield in mountainous eco-region was linearly related with plant density with the maximum at the density of 18×104 tubers per hectare.2) Density had great influences on tuber weight at both regions.In the plain region,improvement of tuber weight per plant should be focused while improvement of population yield should be targeted in the mountainous region.3) With the increase of density,the concentration in longitudinal direction reduced while that in horizontal direction increased.The average vertical distribution distance of tubers exhibited a positive incremental hyperbolic relationship with density,and the maximum distances were 8.415 2 and 8.413 0 cm for plain and mountainous regions,respectively.The transverse distribution distance exhibited a positive hyperbolic declining relationship with density,and the minimum distances were 8.766 6 and 8.544 1 cm, respectively.4) The artificial neural network (ANN) model of the spatial distribution of tuber weight indicated that density mainly affected the numbers and spatial distribution of tubers over 80 g.Tubers over 80 g were mainly distributed longitudinally (6-10 cm) and transversely (12-20 cm) within the high density treatment,and the transverse distribution and number of tubers over 80 g reduced significantly with the increase of density.When the transverse distribution distance was greater than 20 cm,potato tubers in plain region were mainly under 40 g while that in mountainous region were between 40 and 80 g.【Conclusion】 Density change could effectively control tuber size through the number of tubers per unit area,and eventually affect the concentration in longitudinal and transverse directions.
Key words:  potato  ecological regions  plant density  spatial distribution  yield component  artificial neural network