| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确西藏野生宽叶韭风味物质和营养成分，包括芳香物质组成及其相对含量，游离氨基酸、各类元素及维生素B族含量，为野生宽叶韭资源开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】用动态顶空 气相色谱/质谱联用仪法、高效液相色谱法、全自动氨基酸分析仪法，分别测试宽叶韭茎和叶中的芳香物质、维生素B族及游离氨基酸的组分和含量，用电感耦合等离子光谱发生仪法测定其茎和叶混合样中的各类元素含量。【结果】在西藏野生宽叶韭中，检出芳香物质28种，其中叶中有17种，茎中有21种，茎、叶共有10种；二甲基二硫化物相对含量在茎叶中均最高，是影响茎、叶风味的主要芳香物质。茎中氨基酸总量为440.835 mg/hg，叶中为322.315 mg/hg；20种氨基酸含量在茎和叶中有一定差异，谷氨酰胺含量在茎和叶中均最高，分别达152.040和42.380 mg/hg；其次为谷氨酸，在茎和叶中分别达50.110 和27.660 mg/hg；胱氨酸含量最低，在茎和叶中分别仅为1.205和2.210 mg/hg；其他氨基酸含量在茎中为4.510～24.490 mg/hg，在叶中为6.055～27.880 mg/hg。维生素B族含量在茎和叶中VB6<10 μg/hg；VB1、VB2含量均是叶中高于茎中，且VB2高于VB1；VB1含量在茎中仅14.570 μg/hg，在叶中为16.150 μg/hg；VB2含量在茎国仅47.780 μg/hg，而叶中可达86.250 μg/hg。生长环境对宽叶韭各类元素含量有一定影响；不同生境下Cd、Hg、As、Cr、Ni等均未超出国家标准，符合食用安全要求，其他元素含量均处于较高水平。【结论】宽叶韭富含各类芳香物质，氨基酸含量总体一般，但谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸含量丰富，维生素B2含量较高，人体必需矿质元素含量较高，可能的有害元素含量低于国家限定标准。 |
| 关键词: 宽叶韭 芳香物质 氨基酸 维生素B 元素含量 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(31260478)；西藏农牧学院柔性人才引进项目(RXR201506) |
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| Flavor substances and nutritional ingredients of wild Allium hookeriThwaites in Tibetan |
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WANG Zhonghong,DEQING Cuomu,GUAN Zhihua,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study determined the contents of flavor components and nutritional components including aromatic substances,free amino acids,elements and vitamin B of wild Allium hookeri in Tibetan to provide basis for development and utilization of the wild resource. 【Method】The contents of aromatic substances,vitamin B,and free amino acids in stem and leaf of A.hookeri were tested using dynamic headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method,high performance liquid chromatography and automatic amino acid analyzer.Various elements in mixed stem and leaf samples were tested as well using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. 【Result】In fresh samples of wild A.hookeri from Tibetan,28 kinds of aromatic substances were detected with 17 in leaf and 21 in stem,and 10 in both.The content of dimethyl disulfide was the highest in leaf and stem,and it was the main aromatic flavor in plants.The total amino acids content was 440.835 mg/hg in stem and 322.315 mg/hg in leaf.There were differences in contents of the 20 amino acids between leaf and stem.The highest levels of Gln in stem and leaf were 152.040 mg/hg and 42.380 mg/hg,followed by Glu,which were 50.110 mg/hg and 27.660 mg/hg,respectively.The lowest levels of Cys in stem and leaf were 1.205 mg/hg and 2.210 mg/hg,respectively.The contents of other amino acids were 4.510-24.490 mg/hg in stem and 6.055-27.880 mg/hg in leaf. The content of B6 was lower than 10 μg/hg in stem and leaf.The contents of VB1 and VB2 in leaf were higher than those in stem.The content of VB2 in stem was 47.780 μg/hg and was 86.250 μg/hg in leaf.Growth environment had certain influence on contents of elements,and all the tested elements including Cd,Hg,As,Cr and Ni were within the national standards. 【Conclusion】There were rich aromatic substances in A.hookeri while contents of amino acid were not high except Gln and Glu.It also contained high essential mineral elements and harmful element contents were below national standards. |
| Key words: Allium hookeri Thwaites aromatic substances amino acids vitamin B element content |
