| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究氮磷钾缺乏对苗期仁用杏生长和养分吸收的影响，为仁用杏配方施肥技术标准的建立提供基础数据。【方法】基于Hogland沙培培养，以仁用杏‘中仁1号’1年生嫁接苗为研究对象，研究全素及氮、磷、钾缺素条件下仁用杏叶片表型性状的变态反应、叶片对氮磷钾积累的响应、根系形态特征以及地上和地下生物量积累的差异。【结果】（1）缺氮初期叶片略微泛黄并伴有黄斑，之后叶边缘出现焦黄；缺磷初期幼叶发黄，随后叶片向上卷曲、边缘伴有白斑；缺钾会导致叶片坏死、叶尖卷曲和焦黄。（2）缺磷和缺钾显著（P<0.05）降低了植株Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级根的长度、表面积、体积，缺氮、缺磷、缺钾明显增加（或降低）了Ⅰ级（或Ⅲ级）根的根长、体积、表面积占相对应总量的比例。（3）缺氮、缺磷、缺钾均显著（P<0.05）降低了地上、地下部分生物量，其中缺氮处理对地上部分抑制作用较强，但会增加叶片对钾的吸收，缺钾处理对地下部分抑制作用明显但会增加叶片对磷的吸收。（4）当叶片中全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别为12.16，0.32，13.70 mg/g时，表明树体严重缺素，而当叶片中全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别为19.22，0.79，26.29 mg/g时，表明树体养分充足。【结论】目前仁用杏苗期单施氮肥的田间管理措施不科学，应以氮肥和钾肥二元复合肥为合理施肥策略。 |
| 关键词: 根系形态 营养生长 缺素 沙培条件 仁用杏 养分吸收 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目“仁用杏和巴旦杏高效生产关键技术研究与示范”(2013BAD14B02) |
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| Effects of N,P,and K deficiency on growth and nutrient uptake of Prunus armeniaca seedlings |
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XU Mengsha,ZHU Gaopu,XFU Guiquan,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This paper investigated the effects of N,P,and K deficiency on nutritional growth and nutrient uptake of Prunus armeniaca seedlings to provide basic data for establishing formula fertilization for P.armeniaca.【Method】 One year old seedlings of P.armeniaca were planted in sand cultural pot,and four treatments (CK,-N,-P,and -K) were conducted to obtain changes in deficiency symptoms,nutrient uptake,root morphological and the aboveground and underground biomass accumulation.【Result】 (1) Leaves appeared special symptoms under three element deficiencies.Leaves were slightly yellow and then showed brown at the edge under N deficiency.Under P deficiency,leaves were also yellow,with curl upwards and white spots.K deficiency resulted in death of leaves in addition to tip curl and brown color.(2) P and K deficiencies significantly reduced the roots surface area,and length and volume of fine roots,middle and coarse roots.N,P,and K deficiencies significantly increased the ratios of fine roots on length,surface area and volume,while decreased the coarse roots on length,surface area and volume.(3)The shoot and root biomass showed significant reduction under N,P,K deficiencies.Especially,the inhibition to shoot under N deficiency was stronger and K deficiency had significant inhibitory effect on root.This provided reference for non-destructive nutrition diagnosis.(4) When contents of N,P,and K in leaves were 12.16,0.32,and 13.70 mg/g,the nutrient was deficient severely.While contents of N,P,and K were 19.22,0.79,and 26.29 mg/g,the nutrient was rich.【Conclusion】 Single component application is unscientific in early growing stage. |
| Key words: root morphology nutritional growth nutrient deficiency sand culture Prunus armeniaca nutrient uptake |
