| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨不同移栽期对烟叶烘烤特性的影响，为密集烘烤工艺的优化和完善提供理论依据。【方法】以始兴烟区常规移栽期（2月20日）为参照，设置4个不同移栽期处理，研究密集烘烤过程中不同移栽期烟叶的水分、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素、丙二醛(MDA)含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化状况及烤后烟叶的经济性状。【结果】移栽期对烟叶烘烤特性的影响十分显著。4个处理中，2月13日（提早移栽）、2月20日（常规移栽期）移栽的烟叶在烘烤过程中各观察阶段失水速率相对接近各自72 h内失水速率的平均值，失水均衡性好，且2个处理叶绿素在变黄期降解量较大（分别为92.38%，90.70%）、降解速率较快（分别为1.925，1.889 %/h），烟叶失水与变黄协调性较好。2月13日移栽的烟叶在烘烤过程中(PPO)活性保持最低（4.652 U/g），并且在定色初期温度升高时仍然保持最低的PPO活性（5.12 U/g）；而2月27日移栽的PPO活性最高（6.242 U/g），在烘烤中易出现褐变现象，耐烤性较差。2月13日移栽的烟叶膜脂过氧化水平最低，MDA积累少且慢。在经济性状方面，随着移栽时间的推迟，各处理的产量逐渐增加，但是中上等烟的比例显著降低，其中2月13日移栽烟叶的产值（46 024.85元/hm2）和中上等烟比例（86.78%）最高，经济效益最好。【结论】始兴烟区在传统移栽期基础上适当提早移栽（2月13日）可以改善烟叶烘烤特性，获得更好的经济性状；推迟移栽和过度推迟移栽的烟叶烘烤特性均较差，烟叶质量显著降低。 |
| 关键词: 烤烟 移栽期 烘烤特性 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:广东省烟草专卖局（公司）科技项目（201101，201209，201202，201311，201312） |
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| Effects of transplanting date on curing characteristics of flue-cured tobacco |
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ZHOU Zhenchao,DENG Shiyuan,ZHONG Junzhou,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of different transplanting periods on curing characteristics of flue-cured tobacco to provide reference for optimization and improvement of the bulk curing processing and to enrich the theory of flue-cured tobacco curing technology.【Method】A field experiment with 4 different transplanting dates was conducted in tobacco planting areas in Shixing with the local transplanting date (February 20) as reference.The changes of water content,chlorophyll,carotenoid,MDA content and PPO activity at leaf drying stage in the bulk-curing barn,as well as the economic characters of cured tobacco leaves were analyzed.【Result】The effect of transplanting date on baking characteristics of tobacco leaves was significant.Dehydrating rates of tobacco leaves transplanted in February 13 and those transplanted in local conventional date (February 20) at different stages during the curing process were closer to average of the whole process compared to others.Thus,the tobacco transplanted in February 13 and those transplanted in local conventional date had better dehydrating balance.The degradation of chlorophyll in tobacco leaves transplanted in February 13 and February 20 was larger (92.38% and 90.70%),and the degradation rate was faster (1.925 and 1.889 %/h),indicating better dehydrating and yellowing characteristics.During the curing process,PPO activity in the tobacco leaves transplanted in February 13 kept the lowest (4.652 U/g),while delayed transplanting leaves (transplanted in February 27) was the highest (6.242 U/g).The browning phenomenon also appeared premature and the resistance to baking was worse.Apart from this,the tobacco leaves transplanted in February 13 maintained a lower membrane lipid oxidation level with less and slower MDA accumulation.In terms of economic characters,as the transplanting time delays,the yield of each treatment increased gradually,but the ratio of upper middle class tobacco leaves was significantly reduced.The flue cured tobacco transplanted in February 13 possessed the highest average price of tobacco leaves (46 024.85 yuan/hm2) and ratio of upper class tobacco(86.78%),showing largest economic benefits.【Conclusion】The tobacco should be transplanted in advance (in February 13) in tobacco growing regions of Shixing to improve curing potential for better yield and quality.The tobacco leaves with delayed transplanting and excessive delayed transplanting had worst curing properties and led to worse economic characters. |
| Key words: flue-cured tobacco transplanting date curing characteristics |
