| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同氮磷肥施用水平下啤酒大麦的农艺性状、产量、品质、氮肥农学效率和经济效益，为啤酒大麦生产提供科学合理的施肥依据。【方法】在田间试验条件下，以啤酒大麦新品种“甘啤7号”为材料, 设7个施肥处理，分别为：N0P0（对照，CK），N 0 kg/hm2＋P2O5 0 kg/hm2；N45P45，N 45 kg/hm2＋P2O5 45 kg/hm2；N90P90，N 90 kg/hm2＋P2O5 90 kg/hm2；N135P135，N 135 kg/hm2＋P2O5 135 kg/hm2；N180P180，N 180 kg/hm2＋P2O5 180 kg/hm2；N225P225，N 225 kg/hm2＋P2O5 225 kg/hm2；N270P270，N 270 kg/hm2＋P2O5 270 kg/hm2，研究不同施肥处理对啤酒大麦产量及其构成因素、品质、氮肥农学效率及经济效益的影响。【结果】氮磷施用水平低于135 kg/hm2时，啤酒大麦籽粒产量随施肥量的增加而增大；氮磷肥施用水平超过135 kg/hm2时，籽粒产量随施肥量的增加而降低。施肥处理对成穗数和穗粒数总体有显著影响，对千粒质量影响不显著；产量与成穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量、株高呈极显著或显著正相关，表明成穗数和穗粒数对籽粒产量起着非常重要的作用。随着施肥量的增加，籽粒蛋白质含量明显提高，而籽粒饱满度和氮肥农学效率总体降低。氮磷肥施用水平在90～135 kg/hm2时，啤酒大麦各项测定指标综合表现较优，籽粒产量较对照增产37%～47％，氮肥农学效率为23.36～27.91 kg/kg，蛋白质含量在12.0%～13.0%，饱满度均在92%以上，符合啤酒大麦酿造要求，而且此时纯经济收入也较高，为14 184.8～14 691.1 元/hm2。【结论】综合考虑“甘啤7号”高产、优质和氮肥高效利用，推荐该区“甘啤7号”适宜氮磷肥施用量为90～135 kg/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 啤酒大麦 氮磷肥水平 氮肥农学效率 经济效益 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:甘肃省农业科学院中青年基金项目（2015GAAS41）；国家大麦（青稞）现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-05） |
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| Effects of nitrogen and phosphate rates on yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency of malt barley |
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XU Yinping
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The agronomic traits,yield,quality and economic benefit of malt barley under different nitrogen and phosphate levels were studied to provide basis for scientific and reasonable fertilization.【Method】The malt barley varieties Ganpi 7 was planted with seven fertilizer treatments：N0P0（CK） N 0 kg/hm2＋P2O5 0 kg/hm2,N45P45 N 45 kg/hm2＋P2O5 45 kg/hm2,N90P90 N 90 kg/hm2＋P2O5 90 kg/hm2,N135P135 N 135 kg/hm2＋P2O5 135 kg/hm2,N180P180 N 180 kg/hm2＋P2O5 180 kg/hm2,N225P225 N 225 kg/hm2＋P2O5 225 kg/hm2,and N270P270 N 270 kg/hm2＋P2O5 270 kg/hm2.Then,the effects of different nitrogen and pure phosphorus levels on yield,yield components,quality and nitrogen use efficiency were studied.【Result】Grain yield increased with the increase of fertilizer level when it was lower than 135 kg/hm2,while it decreased with increase of fertilizer level above 135 kg/hm2.The yield components were significantly influenced by fertilizer level and there were significant positive correlations between ear number,grain number and grain yield,indicating that ear number and grain number were very important to grain yield.With the increase of fertilizer level,grain protein content increased significantly,while grain plumpness and nitrogen use efficiency reduced significantly.The comprehensive performance indicators were optimal for malt barley when fertilizer level was 90－135 kg/hm2.The production increased by 37%-47％,the nitrogen use efficiency was 23.36－27.91 kg/kg,the grain protein content was 12.0%－13.0%,and the plumpness was above 92%,all in accordance with the requirements of malt barley.The economic benefit of 14 184.8－14 691.1 RMB/hm2 was also the best.【Conclusion】 Comprehensively considering yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency,the appropriate fertilizer level was 90－135 kg/hm2 for Ganpi 7 in Wuwei region. |
| Key words: malt barley fertilizer nitrogen agronomic efficiency economic benefit |
