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不同施氮水平下3种类型粳稻光合特性及干物质积累分析
武志海1, 高 娃1, 金鸿明,等2
1.吉林农业大学 农学院;2.吉林农业大学 生命科学院
摘要:
【目的】 阐明吉林省主推粳稻品种在不同氮水平下光合特性及干物质积累的差异,为提高稻田氮肥利用率提供依据。【方法】采用大田试验,在不施氮(CK)、1N(纯氮70 kg/hm2)、2N(纯氮140 kg/hm2)和3N(纯氮210 kg/hm2)4种施氮水平下,研究3个吉林省主推水稻品种(吉农大505,吉农大603,吉农大809)灌浆期农艺性状、光合特性和干物质积累特性及产量的变化。【结果】随施氮水平的增加,灌浆期株高、分蘖数和叶面积指数均显著增大。吉农大505在2N条件下剑叶和倒三叶净光合速率最大,吉农大603在3N条件下倒三叶净光合速率较高,吉农大809功能叶净光合速率受施氮水平影响不明显,3个品种净光合速率的差异可能是由于不同氮水平对不同品种冠层结构的影响导致叶片表观叶肉导度不同而引起的。吉农大603和吉农大809茎鞘、叶和穗部的干物质积累量均呈现随施氮水平的增加而增加的趋势,吉农大505茎鞘的干物质积累量在2N水平达到最高值。吉农大603在3N水平产量最高,其他2个品种在2N水平下产量最高,这与对应氮水平条件下各品种灌浆期功能叶片净光合速率、高效叶面积有关。产量与茎鞘、穗及地上部干物质积累量显著或极显著正相关。【结论】不同类型粳稻品种适宜施氮量存在差异,吉农大505和吉农大809相对耐低氮,而吉农大603适宜在高氮下栽培。
关键词:  水稻    光合特性  干物质积累量
DOI:
分类号:
基金项目:吉林省自然科学基金项目(201215183);吉林省科技厅科技引导计划项目(20130411017XH)
Photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation characteristics of 3 Japonica rice varieties under different nitrogen levels
WU Zhihai,GAO Wa,JIN Hongming,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】The study investigated the differences in photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of main commercial Japonica rice varieties with different nitrogen levels in Jilin to provide basis for improving nitrogen efficiency.【Method】A field experiment was carried out to investigate changes in agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation characteristics and yield of three commercial Japonica rice varieties under four nitrogen (N) levels,including no N fertilizer (CK),1N (70 kg/hm2 N),2N (140 kg/hm2 N) and 3N (210 kg/hm2 N).【Result】The plant height,tiller number and LAI at grain filling period showed significant change with the increase of nitrogen level.The leaf net photosynthetic rates of flag leaf and the third leaf of Jinongda 505 in 2N reached the maximum.The net photosynthetic rate of the third leaf of Jinongda 603 in 3N was the highest.The effect of nitrogen level on net photosynthetic rate of function leaf of Jinongda 809 was not significant.The difference in leaf net photosynthetic rates may be caused by the different effects on canopy structures of different Japonica rice varieties.The dry matter accumulation of stem and sheath,leaf and spike of Jinongda 603 and Jinongda 809 increased with the increase of the nitrogen level,while that of Jinongda 505 reached the maximum in 2N and then decreased.The yield of Jinongda 603 was highest in 3N,and the highest yields of the other two species were obtained in 2N,which was related to the net photosynthetic rates and high effective leaf areas of different varieties at filling stage.Yield and dry matter accumulation of stem,sheath,spike and shoot were significantly or extremely significantly related.【Conclusion】Different varieties had different optimal nitrogen levels.Jinongda 505 and Jinongda 809 were relatively low in nitrogen tolerance,while Jinongda 603 was suitable for cultivation under high nitrogen level.
Key words:  rice  nitrogen  photosynthetic characteristics  dry matter accumulation