| 摘要: |
| 【目的】优化设施番茄水肥一体化灌溉施肥制度。【方法】以“金棚1号”番茄为试材，在2013年研究总结的水肥总量（灌水量2 518.74 m3/hm2，N 542.58 kg/hm2，P2O5 206.30 kg/hm2，K2O 940.03 kg/hm2）基础上，上下浮动30%后，设置T1(中水中肥)、T2(中水低肥)、T3(中水高肥)、T4(低水中肥)、T5(高水中肥)5个处理，以传统沟灌为对照，在滴灌条件下研究不同水肥对番茄产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响，并用模糊综合评价方法，通过赋予客观权重和主观权重后得到综合权重，对不同水肥处理下番茄综合品质、产量和水分利用效率进行综合评价。【结果】试验结果表明：在一定范围内番茄产量随水肥用量的增加先增高后降低；水分利用效率随灌水量的增加呈下降趋势，合理施肥有利于水分利用效率的提高；中水中肥和低水中肥条件下番茄综合品质较好，水分或肥料过多均会造成番茄品质下降；T1处理的综合表现最优，产量最高，为130.80 t/hm2，品质较好，水分利用率较高，为51.90 kg/m3；与沟灌对照（产量115.40 t/hm2，水分利用效率23.46 kg/m3）相比，T1处理产量、水分利用效率分别提高了13.34%，121.23%。【结论】利用综合评价法得出的设施番茄水肥一体化最优水肥用量为灌水量2 518.74 m3/hm2，N 542.58 kg/hm2，P2O5 206.30 kg/hm2，K2O 940.03 kg/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 水肥一体化 番茄产量 番茄品质 水分利用效率 综合评价法 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2014BAD14B06）；国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD29B01） |
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| Effect of water and fertilizer on yield,quality and water use efficiency of tomato |
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ZHANG Jun,LI Jianming,ZHANG Zhongdian,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to optimize integrated water and fertilizer management system for tomatoes.【Method】“Jinpeng No.1” tomato was used as test materials.On the basic irrigation and fertilizing total amounts (irrigation 2 518.74 m3/hm2,N 542.58 kg/hm2,P2O5 206.30 kg/hm2,and K2O 940.03 kg/hm2),5 treatments including T1 (middle water and middle fertilizer),T2 (middle water and low fertilizer),T3 (middle water and high fertilizer),T4 (low water and middle fertilizer),and T5 (high water and middle fertilizer) were set with 30% increase or decrease in irrigation and fertilizing amount.Using furrow irrigation as control,the influence of different irrigation and fertilizer on yield,quality and water use efficiency of tomato was investigated.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was also used to comprehensively evaluate quality,yield and water use efficiency with the integration of objective and subjective weights.【Result】Tomato yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation and fertilizer amounts.With the increase of irrigation,water use efficiency decreased,and reasonable fertilization was beneficial to the increase of the water use efficiency.The comprehensive quality of tomato was high with middle water and middle fertilizer or low water and middle fertilizer,while too much of water and fertilizer caused the decrease of quality of tomato.The general performance of T1 was best with highest yield of 130.80 t/hm2,good quality,and high water use efficiency of 51.90 kg/m3.Comparing with furrow irrigation,the yield and water use efficiency of T1 increased by 13.34% and 121.23%.【Conclusion】The optimal irrigation and fertilizing amounts for tomatoes under the integrated water and fertilizer management were irrigation 2 518.74 m3/hm2,N 542.58 kg/hm2,P2O5 206.30 kg/hm2,and K2O 940.03 kg/hm2. |
| Key words: integrated water and fertilizer management yield of tomato quality of tomato water use efficiency comprehensive evaluation method |
