| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究发酵菌种、原料组成及发酵原料灭菌处理对苹果渣发酵饲料中4种重要水解酶（蛋白酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶及植酸酶）活性的影响。【方法】以酵母菌（Yeast）、黑曲霉A8（Aspergillus niger A8）和米曲霉（Aspergillus oryzae）为发酵菌剂，通过单一菌种及双菌混合接种方法，分别对2种原料（原料A为苹果渣+尿素，原料B为苹果渣+尿素+油渣粉）在自然发酵（原料不灭菌）和灭菌发酵（原料121 ℃灭菌30 min）条件下进行固态发酵，利用比色法测定发酵产物中蛋白酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶及植酸酶4种水解酶的活性。【结果】 发酵可大幅度提高发酵产物中影响饲料消化利用率的4种重要水解酶活性，且混合发酵剂对发酵产物中4种水解酶活性的提高作用优于单菌发酵，添加油渣粉和原料灭菌处理有助于提高发酵产物中4 种水解酶的活性。灭菌和添加油渣粉工艺条件下，在发酵产物中：蛋白酶活性58.85～368.43 U，发酵增率67.7%～949.6%，接菌增率109.4%～526.0%，灭菌增率22.2%～118.6%；纤维素酶活性3 617.53～6 278.22 U，发酵增率13.8%～97.6%，接菌增率2.3%～73.5%，灭菌增率8.3%～63.9%；果胶酶活性203.20～358.47 U，发酵增率34.5%～137.4%，接菌增率26.4%～76.4%，灭菌增率为17.1%～64.8%；植酸酶活性19.45～54.96 U，发酵增率336.1%～1 132.3%，接菌增率41.4%～182.6%，灭菌增率1.2%～92.0%。【结论】混菌发酵、添加油渣粉以及发酵原料灭菌处理对提高苹果渣发酵饲料中蛋白酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶及植酸酶活性均有显著作用。 |
| 关键词: 苹果渣 固态发酵 蛋白酶活性 纤维素酶活性 果胶酶活性 植酸酶活性 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目（2015KTTSNY03-06）；国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD14B11） |
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| Effect of fermention conditions on the four hydrolases in apple pomace fermented feed |
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REN Yaping,GUO Qiao,LAI Hangxian,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study investigated the effects of microbial inoculums,auxiliary materials and sterilization of material on activities of 4 important hydrolases （protease,cellulose,pectinase and phytase） in fermentation product of apple pomace.【Method】Apple pomace with different auxiliary materials (urea or urea and oil residue) was fermented with three fungal species,yeast,Aspergillus niger A8 and Aspergillus oryzae.The effects of microbial inoculums (single-strain fermentation and mixed strains fermentation),auxiliary materials and sterilization of material on activities of 4 important hydrolases （protease,cellulose,pectinase and phytase） were analyzed by colorimetric spectroscopy.【Result】The activities of the 4 hydrolases were increased significantly in fermentation product of apple pomace.The activities of all 4 hydrolases in mixed strains fermentation product were much higher than in the single-strain fermentation product.Adding oil residues and sterilization significantly improved the activities of protease,cellulose,pectinase and phytase.In the fermentation product of sterilized material containing oil residues,the activities of protease,cellulose,pectinase and phytase reached 58.85－368.43 U,3 617.53－6 278.22 U,203.20－358.47 U,and 19.45－54.96 U,respectively.The fermentation rates were increased by 67.7%－949.6%,13.8%－97.6%,34.5%－137.4%,and 336.1%－1 132.3%,the activities with microbial inoculation were increased by 109.4%－526.0%,2.3%－73.5%,26.4%－76.4%,and 41.4%－182.6%,and the activities in fermentation product of sterilized material were 22.2%－118.6%,8.3%－63.9%,17.1%－64.8%,and 1.2%－92.0%,respectively.【Conclusion】Mixed-strains fermentation,auxiliary materials (oil residues) and sterilization of material significantly improved activities of protease,cellulose,pectinase and phytase in fermentation product of apple pomace. |
| Key words: apple pomace fermented feed protease activity cellulose activity pectinase activity phytase activity |
