| 摘要: |
| 【目的】筛选对人参主要病原菌具高效、广谱抑菌作用的生防真菌，丰富人参生防菌菌种资源。【方法】采用稀释平板法，从吉林省2处采样地的人参健株根际土壤中分离真菌；采用平板对峙培养法，通过初筛和复筛，筛选对人参链格孢菌（Alternaria panax）、立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、腐皮镰孢菌（Fusarium solaniv）、毁灭柱孢菌（Cylindrocarpon destructans）、恶疫霉菌（Phytophthora cactorum）、人参核盘菌（Sclerotinia schinseng）和灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea）具有高效广谱抑菌活性的生防真菌；利用传统形态学和rDNA ITS分子分析技术对分离到的生防真菌进行鉴定。【结果】从人参健株根际土壤中共分离得到400株真菌，其中有15株生防真菌对人参7种主要病原菌具有广谱抑菌作用，特别是对立枯丝核菌有强烈的抑制作用（抑菌率均大于50%），且FSR-106的抑菌作用最强（抑菌率87.41%，下同）；FSR-121对人参链格孢菌的抑菌作用最强（60.00%）；FSR-74对腐皮镰孢菌的抑菌率高达67.48%；FSR-46对毁灭柱孢菌和灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌率最大（66.67%和68.97%）；FSR-97对恶疫霉菌及人参核盘菌的抑制作用最强（73.33%和66.67%）。通过形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定发现，15株生防真菌中有8株木霉属(Trichoderma)、3株青霉属(Penicillium)、1株曲霉属(Aspergillus)、1株附球菌属(Epicoccum)、1株毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)和1株轮层炭壳属(Daldinia)，其中FSR 38为黑附球菌(Epicoccum nigrum)，FSR-10、FSR-43和FSR-106为深绿木霉(T.atroviride)，FSR-46为长枝木霉(T.longibrachiatum)，FSR-55为钩状木霉(T.hamatum)，FSR-72为桔绿木霉(T.citrinoviride)，FSR-74为球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum)，FSR-97为多孢木霉(Trichoderma polysporum)，FSR-91为蔡氏轮层炭壳菌(Daldinia childiae)，FSR-25、FSR-67和FSR-121为青霉属(Penicillium sp.)。【结论】从人参健株根际土壤中可快速有效地筛选获得大量广谱性生防真菌；本研究所得的15株生防真菌对7种人参主要病害防治具有较高的潜在应用价值。 |
| 关键词: 人参病原菌 木霉属 rDNA-ITS序列分析 生防真菌 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2011BAI03B01-02）；国家自然科学基金项目（31270371）；吉林省科技发展计划重点项目（20125068） |
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| Screening and identification of biocontrol fungi against main pathogens of Panax ginseng |
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XIAO Chunping,YANG Limin,HAN Mei,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study screened effective and broad-spectrum biocontrol fungi against main pathogens of Panax ginseng to enrich biocontrol microorganism resources.【Method】Soil fungi were isolated from rhizosphere soil of healthy Panax ginseng by dilution plate method.Biocontrol strains,with highly antibacterial activity against 7 ginseng pathogens including Alternaria panax,Rhizoctonia solani,Fusarium solani,Cylindrocarpon destructans,Phytophthora cactorum,Sclerotinia schinseng and Botrytis cinerea were screened using pairing culture method.Biocontrol fungi were also identified based on morphology and rDNA-ITS sequence.【Result】A total of 400 fungi were isolated from P.giseng soil,among which,15 had broad spectrum antimicrobial effect on 7 P.ginseng pathogens.Especially,Rhizoctonia solani were strongly inhibited by all of them with the inhibition rate of >50%,and FSR-106 was the strongest with the inhibition rate of 87.41%.FSR-121 was the strongest against Alternaria panax with the inhibition rate of 60.00%,and FSR-74 was the strongest against Fusarium solani with the inhibition rate of 67.48%.Inhibition rates of FSR-46 against Cylindrocarpon destructans (66.67%) and Botrytis cinerea (68.97%) were the highest.FSR-97 was the strongest against Phytophthora cactorum and Sclerotinia schinseng with inhibition rates of 73.33% and 66.67%,respectively.Morphological and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis showed that the 15 biocontrol fungi could be divided into 6 genus,i.e.8 belonged to Trichoderma,3 belonged to Penicillium,one belonged to Aspergillus,one belonged to Epicoccum,one belonged to Chaetomium and one belonged to Daldinia.FSR-38 was identified as Epicoccum nigrum,FSR-10,FSR-43 and FSR-106 were T.atroviride,FSR-46 was T.longibrachiatum,FSR-55 was T.hamatum,FSR-72 was T.citrinoviride,FSR 74 was Chaetomium globosum,FSR-97 was Trichoderma polysporum,FSR-91 was Daldinia childiae,while FSR-25,FSR-67and FSR-121 were Penicillium sp..【Conclusion】The screening method based on rhizosphere soil of healthy gineng is a rapid and efficient way to seek for strong potential biocontrol strains.The 15 biocontrol fungi isolated in this study have good potential for the control of P.ginseng pathogens. |
| Key words: pathogens of Panax ginseng Trichoderma rDNA-ITS sequence analysis biocontrol fungi |
