| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索生防放线菌剂及其与有机肥配施对魔芋生长的影响。【方法】2012-2013年采用小区栽培试验，以放线菌剂D74、H为材料，设7个处理：CK0不施肥；M施有机肥；D74+M20施用有机肥稀释20倍的菌剂D74；D74H+M20施用有机肥稀释20倍的菌剂D74H （D74和H按1∶1质量比混合而成）；H+M20、H+M40、H+M80分别施用有机肥稀释20，40，80倍的菌剂H，研究放线菌剂及其与有机肥配施对魔芋生物学特性、根系及产量的影响。【结果】（1）放线菌剂与有机肥配施对魔芋根系生长、生物量及光合性能有明显的促进效应。D74+M20处理魔芋根系总长、总表面积、总体积、根系条数及鲜质量的菌剂与有机肥配施效应分别为331.3%，294.4%，262.5%，7.0%及93.4%。2012年D74H+M20、H+M20处理魔芋株高的菌剂效应分别为34.8%和33.0%；叶片绿色度的菌剂效应分别为28.4%和24.7%；叶片净光合速率和气孔导度的菌剂效应分别为99.3%，114.2%和52.1%，62.7%，差异均显著（P<0.05）。（2）菌剂与有机肥配施具有抗病虫、增产效果，亦能提高球茎的商品性能。2013年，除H+M40处理之外，其余放线菌剂与有机肥配施处理的魔芋健株率和病株率的菌剂效应分别为32.7%～83.6%和17.6%～47.1%。2012年，D74+M20和D74H+M20处理魔芋球茎产量的菌剂效应分别为31.0%和42.9%；单个球茎鲜质量的菌剂效应均为19.1%；魔芋总产量的菌剂效应分别为27.1%和36.8%；2013年，D74+M20和D74H+M20处理魔芋不同指标的菌剂与有机肥配施效应分别为：球茎总数52.3%和52.3%，健康球茎个数100.0%和111.8%，腐烂球茎所占比例34.2%和62.0%，虫伤球茎所占比例34.6%和12.4%，总产量 146.3%和120.2%。【结论】放线菌剂及其与有机肥配施可显著促进魔芋根系的生长，提高魔芋叶片净光合速率、产量及球茎的商品性能。 |
| 关键词: 有机肥 生防放线菌剂 魔芋 连作障碍 促生作用 |
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| 基金项目:国家林业局重点科技推广项目（魔芋产业化配套技术2010-38）；财政部农业科技体系建设项目（XTG2013-36）；陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目（2013K02-24） |
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| Growth-promoting effect of actinomycetes agents and organic fertilizer on Amorphophallus konjac |
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ZHANG Zhong-liang,HE Fei,MA Jun-ni,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored the effects of combined application of actinomycetes agents and organic fertilizer on growth of Amorphophallus konjac.【Method】In 2012 and 2013,seven treatments were performed with actinomycetes agents D74 and H:actinomycetes (1∶1 mixture of D74 and H in solid state fermentation) diluted 20 times by organic fertilizer (D74H+M20);actinomycetes D74 diluted 20 times by organic fertilizer (D74+M20);actinomycetes H diluted 20,40 and 80 times by organic fertilizer (H+M20,H+M40 and H+M80),as well as no fertilizer (CK0) and organic fertilizer only (M) as control.The effects of actinomycetes agents and organic fertilizer on biological characteristics,root growth and yield of A.konjac were then determined.【Result】(1) Combined application of actinomycetes agents and organic fertilizer significantly promoted root growth,biomass and photosynthesis of A.konjac.Total length,total surface area,total volume,quantity and fresh weight of root of treatment D74+M20 were 331.3%,294.4%,262.5%,7.0% and 93.4% of those of the group without fertilizer.Compared with organic fertilizer treatment in 2012,the effects of actinomycetes agents in treatments D74H+M20 and H+M20 were 34.8% and 33.0% in plant height,28.4% and 24.7% in green degree of leaf,99.3% and 114.2% in net photosynthetic rate,and 52.1% and 62.7% in stomatal conductance of leaf.All above differences were significant (P<0.05).(2) Combined actinomycetes agents with organic fertilizer not only enhanced plant resistance against disease and insect,but also improved the yield of A.konjac and the commodity performance of corms.In 2013,except for treatment H+M40,the healthy plants rate was 32.7%-83.6% while the diseased plants rate was 17.6%-47.1% compared with organic fertilizer treatment in the second year.In 2012,treatments D74+M20 and D74H+M20 had the effects of 31.0% and 42.9% in yield of corm,19.1% and 19.1% in fresh weight of single corm,and 27.1% and 36.8% in total yield of A.konjac.In 2013,treatments D74+M20 and D74H+M20 had the effects of 52.3% and 52.3% in total number of corms,100.0% and 111.8% in number of healthy corms,34.2% and 62.0% in rate of decay corms,34.6% and 12.4% in rate of insect damaged corms,and 146.3% and 120.2% in total yield of A.konjac.【Conclusion】Actinomycetes agents,organic fertilizer and their cooperation not only promoted root growth and yield of A.konjac,but also improved photosynthesis and commodity performance of corms. |
| Key words: organic fertilizer actinomycetes biocontrol agents Amorphophallus konjac continuous cropping obstacle growth-promoting |
