| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究易捕鲤的群体遗传结构，为其优良性状的稳定保持和种质资源的可持续利用奠定基础。【方法】提取96尾易捕鲤个体的鳍条基因组DNA，以其为模板，利用30对微卫星标记进行PCR扩增，根据基因型，利用生物信息学软件对各种遗传参数进行分析。【结果】在96尾易捕鲤个体中，共检测到154个等位基因，每个位点的等位基因数3～9个，平均有效等位基因数为4.060 7；期望杂合度为0.596 9～0.871 0，平均为0.740 0；多态信息含量为0.628 0～0.855 0，平均为0.702 2，说明此品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性；哈迪 温伯格平衡检验结果表明，群体处于不平衡状态；群体平均固定系数为－0.041 0，说明该群体存在杂合子过剩现象，有较大的选择压力；瓶颈效应分析表明，群体经历了瓶颈效应；根据连锁不平衡方法计算有效群体大小为64.2。【结论】易捕鲤具有较高的遗传异质性和较大的选育空间，但由于人工选择的作用，群体处于不平衡状态，对品种的长期发展极为不利，因而在接下来的工作中应该注重加强保种策略的研究，从而保持其丰富的遗传多样性和优良的经济性状。 |
| 关键词: 易捕鲤 微卫星 遗传结构 保种 |
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| 基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目“重要水产种质资源群体构建及遗传评价方法研究”（2012BAD26B01）；国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系北方鲤鱼种质资源与育种项目（CARS-46-02） |
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| Genetic diversity of conservation population in Yibu F5 common carp |
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ZHAO Xin-chun,JIA Zhi-ying,LI Sheng-wen,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Yibu common carp is a new breeding variety.In order to maintain the genetic diversity,its genetic structure was studied.【Method】The sequences of 30 microsatellite loci were amplified by PCR using genetic DNA of 96 Yibu common carps as templates.According to the genotype,biological software was used for analysis of genetic diversity.【Result】From the 96 sampled individuals,154 alleles were detected with 3-9 alleles at each locus and the average number of 4.060 7.The expected heterozygosity was 0.596 9-0.871 0 with the average of 0.740 0.The polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.628 0-0.855 0 with the average of 0.702 2.The results indicated rich polymorphism information content and large genetic diversity in the population.Hardy weinberg equilibrium analysis showed that the population was in disequilibrium mode,indicating the artificial selection had a great effect on population.The average fixation index (FIS) was -0.041 0,showing that heterozygote excess existed in the population.Bottleneck analysis illustrated that the population had experienced bottleneck effect recently.The effective population size was 64.2 based on linkage disequilibrium method.【Conclusion】Yibu common carp had rich genetic diversity,but the population structure was disequilibrium and bottleneck effect happened.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen protection measure to maintain its rich diversity and economic traits. |
| Key words: Yibu common carp microsatellite markers genetic structure reservation |
