| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究全膜双垄沟播玉米与传统栽培模式（露地垄作）玉米的生长势差异及光、热、水等生态因子资源的分配特征和增产机制，为该技术进一步推广提供科学依据。【方法】以春玉米“临单217”为材料，设全膜覆盖双垄沟播（1.2 m宽地膜）、半膜覆盖垄作（0.8 m宽地膜）、露地垄作（对照）3种模式，测定不同栽培模式下玉米叶面积指数、产量及其构成等指标，并记录生育期生态因子（生长天数、日照时数、有效积温、降水量），应用Richards生长方程，从动态数学模型的角度，建立不同生态因子与相对叶面积指数及其增长速率、增长速率变化率的模型，研究不同栽培模式下各生态因子资源量分配和作用特征的差异及增产机制。【结果】（1）3种处理相对叶面积指数随生态因子的增长均呈“慢-快-慢”的“S”型Richards模型曲线变化，全膜双垄沟播玉米相对叶面积增长速率及变化率曲线与半膜覆盖垄作和露地垄作玉米（对照）相比有明显差异，叶面积指数进入指数生长阶段和稳定生长阶段的时间明显偏早，最大相对叶面积指数增长速率及其出现的时间都明显高于和早于露地垄作模式（对照），相对叶面积指数增长速率变化幅度大。（2）在玉米LAI的3个生长阶段中，全膜双垄沟播模式的生长天数、日照时数、有效积温和降水量4个生态因子分配率与露地垄作（对照）差异明显，在初始生长阶段和指数生长阶段其生态因子资源量分配率低于露地垄作（对照）10.6%～55.0%，而在稳定生长阶段却高于露地垄作（对照）30.2%～115.0%。（3）覆膜模式（全膜双垄沟播和半膜覆盖垄作）下影响LAI的关键生态因子是日照时数，4个生态因子作用主次顺序为日照时数＞生长天数＞有效积温＞降水量;露地垄作（对照）下4个生态因子作用顺序为有效积温＞生长天数＞日照时数＞降水量。覆膜模式能有效地提高各生态因子间的互作效应。【结论】全膜双垄沟播玉米叶面积指数进入指数生长阶段和稳定生长阶段早，其增长速率变化幅度大，改变了玉米生长过程中的能量分配比例，表现穗粒数、粒叶比和百粒质量增加，明显提高了玉米产量和生态因子资源利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 玉米 全膜双垄沟播 生态因子资源量 Richards模型 |
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| 基金项目:甘肃省土壤有机质提升补贴项目（甘财农〔2010〕208号） |
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| Ecological resources allocation characteristics of whole field surface plastic mulching and double ridge-furrow planting maize based on Richards model |
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ZHAO Fan
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This paper investigated the growth potential differences in all film double furrow sowed and traditional cultivated (open field ridge) maize as well as ecological resources (light,heat,water etc.) distribution characteristics and yield mechanism,to provide basis for achieving high yield and high efficiency using this technology.【Method】Spring maize “Lindan 217” was planted with three groups:membrane covering the whole double furrow sowing mode (1.2 m wide film),film covering half ridge system (0.8 m wide plastic film),and open field ridge mode (control).Maize leaf area index,yield composition and growth period ecological factors (growth days,sunshine duration,effective accumulated temperature, and precipitation) were measured. Using Richards growth equation,models relating different ecological factors with relative leaf area index and its growth rate and the changing rate of growth rate were established and the differences in ecological resources allocation,functional characteristics and yield between different cultivation modes were investigated.【Results】(1) Leaf area indexes of all three groups had an “S” type Richards curve with the increase of ecological factors.Relative leaf area growth rates and the changing rates of full film double furrow sowing mode and semi film mulching mode were significantly different from that of the control.Leaf area index entered exponential growth stage and stable growth stage much earlier and the exponential growth rate and appearing time of the maximum relative leaf were significantly higher than that of the control.(2) During the three growth stages of leaf area index,the allocation rates of growth days,sunshine,effective accumulated temperature and precipitation of film double furrow sowing mode were significantly different from that of the control group.At the initial growth stage and the exponential growth stage,ecological resources possession rates were lower than that in the control (10.6%-55.0%),while at the stable growth stage,they were higher than that of the control (30.2%-115.0%).(3) The key ecological factor of leaf area index in plastic film mulching modes was the number of sunshine hours.The contributions of all factors were in decreasing order of sunshine hours>growth days>effective accumulated temperature>precipitation.The order for the control group was effective accumulated temperature>growth days>sunlight hours>precipitation.Film mulching mode can effectively improve the interaction among ecological factors.【Conclusion】The leaf area index of film double furrow sowing maize entered the exponential growth stage and stable growth stage much earlier and the increasing rate changed greatly,which changed the energy distribution during crop growth with increased grains per spike,grain leaf ratio and 100 grain mass and improved the yield and ecological efficiency of resources. |
| Key words: corn whole field surface plastic mulching and double ridge-furrow planting ecological resources Richards model |
