| 摘要: |
| 【目的】建立陕西关中平原西部玉米氮磷钾养分丰缺指标，确定经济最佳施肥量，为陕西关中西部玉米科学施肥提供参考。【方法】2006-2010年，在陕西宝鸡市陈仓区分不同肥力水平设置玉米“3414”肥料效应试验27个，分析玉米相对产量与土壤有效养分含量的相关性，通过回归方程确定土壤养分丰缺指标及经济最佳施肥量。【结果】关中西部玉米相对产量与土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量存在对数函数关系，且所得对数方程达显著水平。按照玉米相对产量55%，75%，85%和95%为临界值标准，建立了关中西部玉米的土壤养分丰缺指标，土壤养分可分为极高、高、中、低、极低5个级别，这5个级别对应的土壤碱解氮含量分别为≥101、≥73～<101、≥52～<73、≥27～<52、<27 mg/kg，速效磷含量分别为≥82、≥28～<82、≥9～<28、≥1～<9、<1 mg/kg，速效钾含量分别为≥194、≥155～<194、≥124～<155、≥79～<124、<79 mg/kg。关中西部玉米平均经济最佳施肥量为：纯N 211.5 kg/hm2，P2O5 166.5 kg/hm2，K2O 126.0 kg/hm2。【结论】得到了陕西关中西部玉米氮磷钾养分丰缺指标，并确定了经济最佳施肥量。 |
| 关键词: 关中西部 玉米 氮磷钾 丰缺指标 经济最佳施肥量 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:农业部测土配方施肥项目（农发［2005］8 号,农财［2005］101 号） |
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| Abundant/lack index of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium for maize in Western Guanzhong and determination of economic optimum fertilization rate |
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MA Zhi-chao,ZHANG Ming-xue,ZHOU Cang-jun,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study established maize abundant/lack index of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Western Guanzhong and determined economic optimum fertilization rate to provide guidance for scientific fertilization of maize.【Method】A total of 27 maize “3414” fertilization experiments were conducted in areas with different soil fertility levels in Chencang,Baoji,Shaanxi from 2006 to 2010.The relationship between maize relative yield and soil available nutrients was analyzed,and soil abundant/lack index and the economic optimum fertilization rate were determined through regression method.【Result】Significant logarithmic relationships were found between maize relative yield and contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium.With the critical standards of relative maize yields of 55%,75%,85% and 95%,the maize soil abundant/lack index in Western Guanzhong were established.It had five levels of extremely high,high,medium,low and extremely low,which had soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents of ≥101,≥73-<101,≥52-<73,≥27-<52,and <27 mg/kg,soil available phosphorus contents of ≥82,≥28-<82,≥9-<28,≥1-<9,and <1 mg/kg,and soil available potassium contents of ≥194,≥155-<194,≥124-<155,≥79-<124,and <79 mg/kg,respectively.The economic optimum fertilization rates for maize in Western Guanzhong were:pure nitrogen 211.5 kg/hm2,phosphorus pentoxide 166.5 kg/hm2,and potassium oxide 126.0 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】The abundant/lack index of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for maize in Western Guanzhong was established and the economic optimum fertilization rate was determined. |
| Key words: Western Guanzhong maize nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium abundant/lack index economic optimum fertilization rate |
