| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究2种生物炭(竹炭、木炭)及生物炭基硝酸铵肥料对土壤主要酶活性的影响，为土壤培肥以及合理施用生物炭提供理论依据。【方法】采用糜子、冬小麦连续种植盆栽试验，在砂土和壤土土壤上各设置6种施肥处理，分别为不施氮肥对照(CK)及施用硝酸铵(AN)、竹炭(BC)、木炭(WC)、竹炭基氮肥(BAN)、木炭基氮肥(CAN)，测定糜子、小麦收获后2种土壤中蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶活性的变化。【结果】在砂土土壤中2季作物收获后，各处理蔗糖酶活性从高到低为CAN＞BAN＞AN＞WC＞BC＞CK，且CAN、BAN与其他处理差异显著；糜子收获后，土壤碱性磷酸酶活性以CAN处理最高，且与其他各处理均具有显著差异，而小麦收获后，除CAN处理外，其他各处理碱性磷酸酶活性较糜子季均有大幅度增加。在壤土土壤中，收获2季作物后，各处理土壤蔗糖酶活性由高到低依次为BAN＞AN＞CAN＞WC＞BC＞CK；第1季糜子收获后，碱性磷酸酶活性CAN处理最强，BC处理最低；小麦收获后，AN处理的碱性磷酸酶活性最强，BC处理最低。不论是在糜子季还是小麦季，过氧化氢酶活性在2种土壤中表现基本相同，均以CAN处理最强，BC处理最弱。在2种土壤中，糜子收获后，各处理脲酶活性从高到低依次为BAN＞CAN＞AN＞CK＞BC＞WC；在小麦收获后，各处理脲酶活性从高到低依次为CAN＞AN＞BAN＞BC＞CK＞WC。【结论】与CK相比，施用BAN和CAN仅对土壤蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性有显著影响，而施用BC、WC对土壤酶活性的影响较小；除砂土中碱性磷酸酶活性外，2种土壤中各施肥处理在糜子季的酶活性均较小麦季高。 |
| 关键词: 生物炭 生物炭基氮肥 蔗糖酶 过氧化氢酶 碱性磷酸酶 脲酶 |
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| 基金项目:农业部“948”项目“生物质技术引进及消化”（2010-Z19）；国家林业局“948”项目“林果木生物质综合转化技术引进”(2009-4-64)；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2010JM5004）；陕西省攻关项目“高效生物炭基缓释肥配方及施用技术研究”（2010K02-12-1） |
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| Effects of biochar and biochar-based ammonium nitrate fertilizers on soil enzyme activities |
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ZHAO Jun,GENG Zeng-chao,ZHANG Wen,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The research investigated the effects of two biochar(BC andWC) and biochar ammonium nitrogen fertilizers on activities of main soil enzymes to provide theoretic basis for soil fertilization.【Method】Using millet and winter wheat continuous potted plant,six treatments including control (CK),ammonium nitrate (AN),bamboo charcoal (BC) and wood charcoal (WC),bamboo charcoal-based nitrogenous fertilizer(BAN) and wood charcoal-based nitrogenous fertilizer (CAN) were set up on sandy soil and loamy soil.The changes inactivities of soil invertase,soil catalase,soil alkaline phosphatase and soil urease after planting millet and wheat were determined.【Result】On sandy soil,after harvesting two seasons crops,effects on invertase activity were in the decreasing order of CAN＞BAN＞AN＞WC＞BC＞CK,and CAN and BAN were significantly different from other treatments.After harvesting millet,the activity of alkaline phosphatase in CAN treatment was highest with significant differences compared to other treatments.While after harvesting wheat,soil alkaline phosphatase activities were dramatically higher than millet season.After harvesting two crops in two seasons,on the loamy soil,effects on invertase activity were in the decreasing order of BAN＞AN＞CAN＞WC＞BC＞CK.After the first season harvest of millet,the effect on alkaline phosphatase activity in CAN was highest while in BC was lowest.After harvesting wheat,the activity was the highest in AN while the lowest was in BC.The effects on soil catalase in two soils were almost same and catalase activity was highest in CAN and the weakest in BC.After harvesting millet,the effects on urease activity in the two soils werein the decreasing order of BAN＞CAN＞AN＞CK＞BC＞WC while after harvesting winter wheat,the effects on urease activity were in the order of CAN＞AN＞BAN＞BC＞CK＞WC.【Conclusion】Compared to CK,application of BAN and CAN only had significant effects on activities of soil invertase and soil alkaline phosphatase while application of BC and WC had little effects.Except activity of soil alkaline phosphatase in sandy soil,the activities of other enzymes of harvesting millet were higher than those of harvesting wheat among all fertilizer treatments in both sandy soil and loamy soil. |
| Key words: biochar biochar-based ammonium nitrate fertilizer soil invertase soil catalase soil alkaline phosphatase soil urease |
