| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究5种不同栽培方式对土壤酶活性、春玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响，探索黄土高原地区春玉米高产、稳产和可持续发展的耕作措施。【方法】采用大田试验，分别设置顶凌全膜双垄沟播、顶凌全膜双垄垄播、顶凌全膜平播、秸秆覆盖种植和无覆盖平地种植5种耕作方式，分析不同耕作方式下0-20和20-40 cm土层土壤酶(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶)活性的变化特征，以及各生育期玉米生长发育状况、干物质积累和产量构成要素的变化。【结果】与无覆盖平地种植相比，顶凌全膜双垄垄播和秸秆覆盖种植方式能够显著提高田间土壤过氧化氢酶活性(0-20和20-40 cm土壤分别提高5.19％，15.74％和4.04％，9.69％)、脲酶活性(0-20和20-40 cm土壤分别提高41.94％，60.93％和3.83％，51.37％)、蔗糖酶活性(0-20和20-40 cm土壤分别提高72.39％，36.67％和68.19％，85.54％)和碱性磷酸酶活性(0-20和20-40 cm土壤分别提高34.93％，38.43％和15.44％，17.89％)；与无覆盖平地种植相比，顶凌全膜双垄沟播和顶凌全膜双垄垄播集雨栽培显著提高了乳熟期叶面积指数(分别提高了75.75％和69.09％)、增加了成熟期玉米干物质积累(分别增加了59.27％和66.09％)，显著提高了产量(分别提高了108.06％和99.03％)和水分利用效率(分别提高了119.91％和106.97％)。【结论】本试验条件下，顶凌全膜双垄垄播是兼顾高产和可持续发展的集雨栽培技术。 |
| 关键词: 春玉米 集雨栽培 土壤酶活性 干物质积累 产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41461062，41161090） |
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| Effects of cultivation methods on soil enzyme and dry matter accumulation and yield of spring maize in dryland |
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LIU Xing-hua,WANG Qi,JIA Sheng-hai
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This paper studied the effects of five different cultivation patterns on soil enzyme activities,and growth and yield formation of spring maize to explore cultivation measures for high and stable yield of spring maize and sustainable development in the Loess Plateau.【Method】Field experiments with full mulching on double ridges and planting in furrows in early spring (FFP),full mulching on double ridges and planting in ridges in early spring (FRP),flat planting with whole plastic in early spring (FWP),flat planting with straw mulching (SCP) and without mulching planting were conducted to analyzed effects of different cultivation methods on changes in activities of enzymes (catalase,urease,invertase and alkaline phosphatase) in soil depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm as well as growth and development status,changes in dry matter accumulation and yield components of maize at different growth periods.【Result】Compared to without mulching planting,full mulching on double ridges and planting in ridges and flat planting with straw mulching significantly improved soil catalase activities at depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil by 5.19％,15.74％ and 4.04％,9.69％,increased urease activities by 41.94％,60.93％ and 3.83％,51.37％,increased invertase activities by 72.39％,36.67％ and 68.19％,85.54％,and increased alkaline phosphatase activities by 34.93％,38.43％ and 15.44％,17.89％,respectively.At the same time,the rainfall cultivation of full mulching on double ridges and planting in furrows and full mulching on double ridges and planting in ridges significantly increased the leaf area index by 75.75% and 69.09% at the mature stage,the dry matter accumulation by 59.27% and 66.09% at mature stage,the yield by 108.06％ and 99.03％,and water use efficiency by 119.91％ and 106.97％,respectively.【Conclusion】According to high yield and sustainable agricultural development,the most appropriate treatment was the FRP. |
| Key words: spring maize rain harvesting soil enzyme above-ground dry matter accumulation yield |
